Question 1

Which group is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants and children 
B)  Sexually active women 
C)  Adult males 
D)  Patients taking diuretics 
A)  Infants and children 
B)  Sexually active women 
C)  Adult males 
D)  Patients taking diuretics B

Question 2

Detrusor muscle overactivity can be improved by administration of

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha-receptor agonists. 
B)  botulinum toxin. 
C)  cholinergic agents. 
D)  nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 
A)  alpha-receptor agonists. 
B)  botulinum toxin. 
C)  cholinergic agents. 
D)  nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. B

Question 3

Infection can lead to bladder stone formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause

Accepted Answer

A)  bladder contraction. 
B)  bladder relaxation. 
C)  sphincter contraction. 
D)  urine reflux. 
A)  bladder contraction. 
B)  bladder relaxation. 
C)  sphincter contraction. 
D)  urine reflux.

Question 5

Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  increased serum creatinine. 
B)  recurrent cystitis. 
C)  polycystic renal disease. 
D)  proteinuria. 
A)  increased serum creatinine. 
B)  recurrent cystitis. 
C)  polycystic renal disease. 
D)  proteinuria.

Question 6

The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is

Accepted Answer

A)  Klebsiella. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  herpes simplex virus. 
D)  Candida albicans. 
A)  Klebsiella. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  herpes simplex virus. 
D)  Candida albicans.

Question 7

The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  WBCs and RBCs. 
B)  nitrites. 
C)  casts. 
D)  bacteria. 
A)  WBCs and RBCs. 
B)  nitrites. 
C)  casts. 
D)  bacteria.

Question 8

The most commonly ordered diagnostic test for evaluation of the urinary system is

Accepted Answer

A)  KUB. 
B)  cystogram. 
C)  ultrasonography. 
D)  cystography. 
A)  KUB. 
B)  cystogram. 
C)  ultrasonography. 
D)  cystography.

Question 9

Cystitis symptoms include (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  CVA tenderness. 
B)  suprapubic pain. 
C)  dysuria. 
D)  fever. 
A)  CVA tenderness. 
B)  suprapubic pain. 
C)  dysuria. 
D)  fever.

Question 10

A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn't get to her quickly enough.The term for this type of incontinence is

Accepted Answer

A)  extraurethral. 
B)  functional. 
C)  urge. 
D)  stress. 
A)  extraurethral. 
B)  functional. 
C)  urge. 
D)  stress.

Question 11

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called

Accepted Answer

A)  mixed incontinence. 
B)  enuresis. 
C)  stress incontinence. 
D)  overflow incontinence. 
A)  mixed incontinence. 
B)  enuresis. 
C)  stress incontinence. 
D)  overflow incontinence.

Question 12

A person is unaware that his bladder is full of urine,but complains that he is leaking urine almost constantly.The most accurate term for this type of incontinence is

Accepted Answer

A)  overflow. 
B)  stress. 
C)  urge. 
D)  mixed. 
A)  overflow. 
B)  stress. 
C)  urge. 
D)  mixed.

Question 13

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is

Accepted Answer

A)  smoking. 
B)  recurrent bladder infections. 
C)  low fluid intake. 
D)  family history of bladder cancer. 
A)  smoking. 
B)  recurrent bladder infections. 
C)  low fluid intake. 
D)  family history of bladder cancer.

Question 14

Urge incontinence is often because of (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  aging. 
B)  bladder infections. 
C)  obesity. 
D)  prostate enlargement. 
E)  diuretics. 
A)  aging. 
B)  bladder infections. 
C)  obesity. 
D)  prostate enlargement. 
E)  diuretics.

Question 15

In addition to renal colic pain,signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include

Accepted Answer

A)  hematuria. 
B)  postrenal renal failure. 
C)  urinary urgency. 
D)  proteinuria. 
A)  hematuria. 
B)  postrenal renal failure. 
C)  urinary urgency. 
D)  proteinuria.

Question 16

A ureterocele is

Accepted Answer

A)  an abnormally placed ureter. 
B)  an additional ureter. 
C)  a cystic dilation of a ureter. 
D)  fusion of both ureters at the bladder junction. 
A)  an abnormally placed ureter. 
B)  an additional ureter. 
C)  a cystic dilation of a ureter. 
D)  fusion of both ureters at the bladder junction.

Question 17

A patient,age 3,has vesicoureteral reflux."Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" asks his mother.The nurse's best response is

Accepted Answer

A)  "When he urinates, the urine makes a fluid trail to the bladder, and if he does not clean himself well, bacteria will enter and make a bladder infection." 
B)  "When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder." 
C)  "When he urinates, urine leaks into his bowel and bacteria from the bowel leak into the bladder, where they grow and make a bladder infection." 
D)  "When he urinates, urine stays in his bladder and the normal bacteria that live in the bladder have a chance to grow and cause a bladder infection." 
A)  "When he urinates, the urine makes a fluid trail to the bladder, and if he does not clean himself well, bacteria will enter and make a bladder infection." 
B)  "When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder." 
C)  "When he urinates, urine leaks into his bowel and bacteria from the bowel leak into the bladder, where they grow and make a bladder infection." 
D)  "When he urinates, urine stays in his bladder and the normal bacteria that live in the bladder have a chance to grow and cause a bladder infection."

Question 18

The direct cause of stress incontinence is

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of aging. 
B)  pelvic muscle weakness. 
C)  neurologic conditions. 
D)  detrusor muscle overactivity. 
A)  the effect of aging. 
B)  pelvic muscle weakness. 
C)  neurologic conditions. 
D)  detrusor muscle overactivity.

Question 19

A patient has ureteral colic.The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician is

Accepted Answer

A)  severe flank pain. 
B)  vomiting. 
C)  pink-tinged urine. 
D)  chills and fever. 
A)  severe flank pain. 
B)  vomiting. 
C)  pink-tinged urine. 
D)  chills and fever.

Question 20

The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is

Accepted Answer

A)  bladder infection. 
B)  hematuria. 
C)  sudden incontinence. 
D)  dysuria. 
A)  bladder infection. 
B)  hematuria. 
C)  sudden incontinence. 
D)  dysuria.

Exam 29: Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Which group is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection?

Detrusor muscle overactivity can be improved by administration of

Infection can lead to bladder stone formation.

Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause

Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with

The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is

The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of

The most commonly ordered diagnostic test for evaluation of the urinary system is

Cystitis symptoms include (Select all that apply.)

A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn't get to her quickly enough.The term for this type of incontinence is

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called

A person is unaware that his bladder is full of urine,but complains that he is leaking urine almost constantly.The most accurate term for this type of incontinence is

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is

Urge incontinence is often because of (Select all that apply.)

In addition to renal colic pain,signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include

A ureterocele is

A patient,age 3,has vesicoureteral reflux."Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" asks his mother.The nurse's best response is

The direct cause of stress incontinence is

A patient has ureteral colic.The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician is

The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and Aids

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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