Question 1

Pulse pressure is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  two thirds of systolic pressure + diastolic pressure. 
B)  systolic pressure + diastolic pressure. 
C)  systolic pressure - diastolic pressure. 
D)  systolic pressure × systemic resistance. 
A)  two thirds of systolic pressure + diastolic pressure. 
B)  systolic pressure + diastolic pressure. 
C)  systolic pressure - diastolic pressure. 
D)  systolic pressure × systemic resistance. C

Question 2

Hypertension is closely linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  obstructive sleep apnea. 
B)  urinary tract infection. 
C)  de Quervain syndrome. 
D)  spinal stenosis. 
A)  obstructive sleep apnea. 
B)  urinary tract infection. 
C)  de Quervain syndrome. 
D)  spinal stenosis. A

Question 3

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  118/78 
B)  128/82 
C)  140/88 
D)  138/94 
A)  118/78 
B)  128/82 
C)  140/88 
D)  138/94 B

Question 4

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Magnesium

Question 5

It can be explained to a patient that high blood pressure increases the risk of (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  stroke. 
B)  renal disease. 
C)  diabetes. 
D)  ischemic heart disease. 
E)  liver disease. 
A)  stroke. 
B)  renal disease. 
C)  diabetes. 
D)  ischemic heart disease. 
E)  liver disease.

Question 6

Hypertension with a specific,identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  orthostatic 
C)  secondary 
D)  malignant 
A)  primary 
B)  orthostatic 
C)  secondary 
D)  malignant

Question 7

The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in

Accepted Answer

A)  non-Hispanic white adults. 
B)  Mexican-American adults. 
C)  non-Hispanic black adults. 
D)  Asian children. 
A)  non-Hispanic white adults. 
B)  Mexican-American adults. 
C)  non-Hispanic black adults. 
D)  Asian children.

Question 8

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  systolic 
B)  mean arterial 
C)  diastolic 
D)  pulse 
A)  systolic 
B)  mean arterial 
C)  diastolic 
D)  pulse

Question 9

A patient has a history of falls,syncope,dizziness,and blurred vision.The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertension. 
B)  hypotension. 
C)  deep vein thrombosis. 
D)  angina. 
A)  hypertension. 
B)  hypotension. 
C)  deep vein thrombosis. 
D)  angina.

Question 10

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

After being diagnosed with hypertension,a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later.The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure.What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continue lifestyle modifications only. 
B)  Continue lifestyle modifications plus diuretic therapy. 
C)  Continue lifestyle modifications plus ACE inhibitor therapy. 
D)  Continue lifestyle modifications plus b-blocker therapy. 
A)  Continue lifestyle modifications only. 
B)  Continue lifestyle modifications plus diuretic therapy. 
C)  Continue lifestyle modifications plus ACE inhibitor therapy. 
D)  Continue lifestyle modifications plus b-blocker therapy.

Question 12

Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP)of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR)of 100?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118 
B)  Sitting BP 108/68, HR 102 
C)  Sitting BP 110/78, HR 98 
D)  Sitting BP 120/80, HR 100 
A)  Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118 
B)  Sitting BP 108/68, HR 102 
C)  Sitting BP 110/78, HR 98 
D)  Sitting BP 120/80, HR 100

Question 13

An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  positioning the arm above the heart level. 
B)  using a cuff that is too small. 
C)  positioning the arm at heart level. 
D)  measuring blood pressure after exercise. 
A)  positioning the arm above the heart level. 
B)  using a cuff that is too small. 
C)  positioning the arm at heart level. 
D)  measuring blood pressure after exercise.

Question 14

A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg,retinopathy,and symptoms of an ischemic stroke.This symptomology is likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  arthrosclerosis. 
B)  angina. 
C)  myocardial infarction. 
D)  hypertensive crisis. 
A)  arthrosclerosis. 
B)  angina. 
C)  myocardial infarction. 
D)  hypertensive crisis.

Question 15

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypovolemia 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  Vasoconstriction 
D)  Decreased vascular resistance 
A)  Hypovolemia 
B)  Decreased cardiac output 
C)  Vasoconstriction 
D)  Decreased vascular resistance

Question 17

Atherosclerosis puts a patient at risk for (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  ischemic stroke. 
B)  hemorrhagic stroke. 
C)  retinal injury. 
D)  renal impairment. 
E)  liver disease. 
A)  ischemic stroke. 
B)  hemorrhagic stroke. 
C)  retinal injury. 
D)  renal impairment. 
E)  liver disease.

Question 18

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago.The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications,but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day,drinks alcohol regularly,and exercises infrequently.The patient is about 40 lbs.overweight and admits to a high-fat,high-calorie diet.At the office visit today,the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg.What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Begin lifestyle modifications. 
B)  Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. 
C)  Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks. 
D)  Encourage smoking cessation. 
A)  Begin lifestyle modifications. 
B)  Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. 
C)  Recheck blood pressure in 4 to 6 weeks. 
D)  Encourage smoking cessation.

Question 19

Blood pressure is regulated on a short-term basis through (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction of carotid and aortic baroreceptors. 
B)  vasomotor center in the brainstem. 
C)  activation of SNS. 
D)  inhibition of PSNS. 
E)  activation of RAAS. 
A)  interaction of carotid and aortic baroreceptors. 
B)  vasomotor center in the brainstem. 
C)  activation of SNS. 
D)  inhibition of PSNS. 
E)  activation of RAAS.

Question 20

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors block the

Accepted Answer

A)  release of rennin. 
B)  conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
C)  conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D)  effect of aldosterone on the kidney. 
A)  release of rennin. 
B)  conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
C)  conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D)  effect of aldosterone on the kidney.

Exam 16: Alterations in Blood Pressure

Pulse pressure is defined as

Hypertension is closely linked to

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

It can be explained to a patient that high blood pressure increases the risk of (Select all that apply.)

Hypertension with a specific,identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

A patient has a history of falls,syncope,dizziness,and blurred vision.The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.

Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP)of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR)of 100?

An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by

A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg,retinopathy,and symptoms of an ischemic stroke.This symptomology is likely the result of

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease.

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

Atherosclerosis puts a patient at risk for (Select all that apply.)

Blood pressure is regulated on a short-term basis through (Select all that apply.)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors block the

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and Aids

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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