Question 1

Characteristics of cellular differentiation include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Specialization for different functions 
B)  Enhanced ability to replicate 
C)  Influenced by memory of developmental events 
D)  Dependent on cell-to-cell coordination 
E)  Generally not reversible 
A)  Specialization for different functions 
B)  Enhanced ability to replicate 
C)  Influenced by memory of developmental events 
D)  Dependent on cell-to-cell coordination 
E)  Generally not reversible A,C,D,E

Question 2

In DNA replication DNA polymerase functions to (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  pry DNA apart. 
B)  unwind and separate the DNA strands. 
C)  prevent tangling of DNA strands as they unwind. 
D)  match appropriate bases to the template base. 
E)  proofread the newly developed DNA for errors in base pairing. 
A)  pry DNA apart. 
B)  unwind and separate the DNA strands. 
C)  prevent tangling of DNA strands as they unwind. 
D)  match appropriate bases to the template base. 
E)  proofread the newly developed DNA for errors in base pairing. D,E

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of the human DNA chromosomes code for proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  50% 
D)  80% 
A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  50% 
D)  80% A

Question 4

Protein synthesis involves (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  direction from mRNA. 
B)  amino acid movement into the nucleus. 
C)  nucleotide triplets. 
D)  RNA polymerase. 
E)  removal of introns from the DNA template. 
A)  direction from mRNA. 
B)  amino acid movement into the nucleus. 
C)  nucleotide triplets. 
D)  RNA polymerase. 
E)  removal of introns from the DNA template.

Question 5

Which tissue type is categorized as epithelial?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tendons and ligaments 
B)  Blood cells 
C)  Blood vessel endothelium 
D)  Cartilage 
A)  Tendons and ligaments 
B)  Blood cells 
C)  Blood vessel endothelium 
D)  Cartilage

Question 6

An important difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle is that

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscle is not striated. 
B)  only skeletal muscle is dependent upon actin-myosin cross-bridging. 
C)  calcium does not leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac cells. 
D)  cardiac muscle has calcium channels on the cell surface for calcium entry. 
A)  cardiac muscle is not striated. 
B)  only skeletal muscle is dependent upon actin-myosin cross-bridging. 
C)  calcium does not leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac cells. 
D)  cardiac muscle has calcium channels on the cell surface for calcium entry.

Question 7

The differences in structure and function of cells in different body tissues are resulting from

Accepted Answer

A)  gene differences in tissue cells. 
B)  expression of tissue-specific genes. 
C)  transcriptional controls. 
D)  translation of amino acids to proteins. 
A)  gene differences in tissue cells. 
B)  expression of tissue-specific genes. 
C)  transcriptional controls. 
D)  translation of amino acids to proteins.

Question 8

The primary role of genes is to

Accepted Answer

A)  code for reproduction. 
B)  direct the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  determine differentiation. 
D)  determine cellular apoptosis. 
A)  code for reproduction. 
B)  direct the synthesis of proteins. 
C)  determine differentiation. 
D)  determine cellular apoptosis.

Question 9

Calcium channel blocker drugs are often used to treat conditions associated with (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscle. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  epithelial tissue. 
D)  nervous tissue. 
E)  connective tissue. 
A)  cardiac muscle. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  epithelial tissue. 
D)  nervous tissue. 
E)  connective tissue.

Question 10

Characteristics of smooth muscle include

Accepted Answer

A)  being under voluntary control. 
B)  having striations. 
C)  contraction being short-lived. 
D)  being found in blood vessels. 
A)  being under voluntary control. 
B)  having striations. 
C)  contraction being short-lived. 
D)  being found in blood vessels.

Question 11

Characteristics of stem cells include that they (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  may differentiate into any type of cell. 
B)  reside only in the bone marrow. 
C)  have greater capacity to proliferate than more differentiated cells. 
D)  are dependent upon environmental cues for proliferation. 
E)  can die in the absence of an appropriate environment. 
A)  may differentiate into any type of cell. 
B)  reside only in the bone marrow. 
C)  have greater capacity to proliferate than more differentiated cells. 
D)  are dependent upon environmental cues for proliferation. 
E)  can die in the absence of an appropriate environment.

Exam 5: Genome Structure, Regulation, and Tissue Differentiation

Characteristics of cellular differentiation include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

In DNA replication DNA polymerase functions to (Select all that apply.)

Approximately what percentage of the human DNA chromosomes code for proteins?

Protein synthesis involves (Select all that apply.)

Which tissue type is categorized as epithelial?

An important difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle is that

The differences in structure and function of cells in different body tissues are resulting from

The primary role of genes is to

Calcium channel blocker drugs are often used to treat conditions associated with (Select all that apply.)

Characteristics of smooth muscle include

Characteristics of stem cells include that they (Select all that apply.)

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to Stressors

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Injury, Aging, and Death

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Neoplasia

Infectious Processes

Inflammation and Immunity

Alterations in Immune Function

Malignant Disorders of White Blood Cells

HIV Disease and Aids

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

Alterations in Homeostasis and Blood Coagulation

Alterations in Blood Flow

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Cardiac Function

Alterations in Cardiac Function

Heart Failure and Dysrhythmias: Common Sequelae of Cardiac Diseases

Shock

Respiratory Function and Alterations in Gas Exchange

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis and Imbalances

Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Renal Function

Intrarenal Disorders

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract

Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Male Genital and Reproductive Function

Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Alterations in Female Genital and Reproductive Function

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Gastrointestinal Function

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Alterations in Function of the Gallbladder and Exocrine Pancreas

Liver Diseases

Endocrine Physiology and Mechanisms of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Regulation

Disorders of Endocrine Function

Diabetes Mellitus

Alterations in Metabolism and Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Acute Disorders of Brain Function

Chronic Disorders of Neurologic Function

Alterations in Special Sensory Function

Pain

Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Neurobiology of Nonpsychotic Illnesses

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders

Alterations in the Integumentary System

Burn Injuries

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