Exam 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The thirst centre is closely related to, or perhaps identical to, the cells that secrete vasopressin.

A chemical ____________________ is a mixture of two compounds that resist changes in the pH.

A chemical buffer system is a(n) ____________________ of chemical compounds involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free ____________________and one that can bind free ____________________, which together minimize changes in ____________________ when either an acid or a base in added to or removed from the solution.

The amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the ____________________ system.

During acidosis, ammonia plays a key role in allowing for continued renal H⁺ secretion.

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body

Which statement does NOT apply to metabolic water

Which of these statements does NOT refer to diabetes insipidus

How do the baroreceptor reflexes affect sodium balance

Carbohydrates are acidic.

____________________ is a change in pH that causes overexcitability of the nervous system.

Which of these statements describes chemical buffer systems

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -amount of H₂O a.reabsorbed

The phosphate buffer system serves as an important urinary buffer.

Which of these statements refers to transcellular fluid

Match the acid-base abnormalities, labelled a. through d. with the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratios. -10/1

Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.

When the body becomes dehydrated (H₂O a.deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood is above ____________________.

Match the aspects of extracellular fluid, labelled a. and b., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -is primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure