Exam 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -GFR

Insensible water loss includes loss ________________________.

Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too acidic.

Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -uncompensated respiratory acidosis

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -net filtration pressure

___________________are responsible for the slightly negative charge associated with the plasma membrane.

What is the main control for salt balance

Intracellular fluid is divided into two compartments: the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

Which of these situations might be a consequence of vomiting of gastric contents

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -sympathetic activity to the afferent arterioles of the nephrons

What is the barrier between plasma and interstitial fluid

What is the importance of regulating ECF osmolarity

H⁺ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

A pH of 4 is how many times as acidic as a pH of 7

Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of the individual solute particles dissolved in a fluid.

The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -No fluid shift occurs between the ECF and the ICF.