Question 1

A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction: one that can yield free H⁺ and one that can bind with free H⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which of these statements does NOT describe pH

Accepted Answer

A) It equals the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
B) It can be calculated if the HCO₃- and CO₂ concentrations in the body fluids are known, even if the H⁺ concentration is unknown. 
C) It is lower in arterial blood than in venous blood. 
D) The value is higher in an alkaline situation. 
A) It equals the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
B) It can be calculated if the HCO₃- and CO₂ concentrations in the body fluids are known, even if the H⁺ concentration is unknown. 
C) It is lower in arterial blood than in venous blood. 
D) The value is higher in an alkaline situation. C

Question 3

Which of these statements does NOT apply to hypotonicity of the body fluids

Accepted Answer

A) It can occur as a result of diabetes insipidus. 
B) It occurs when excess free H₂Oa. is present. 
C) Drowsiness, headache, confusion, lethargy, weakness, and oedema are symptoms associated with it. 
D) Cells become swollen. 
A) It can occur as a result of diabetes insipidus. 
B) It occurs when excess free H₂Oa. is present. 
C) Drowsiness, headache, confusion, lethargy, weakness, and oedema are symptoms associated with it. 
D) Cells become swollen. A

Question 4

Insensible water loss includes water lost from the lungs during expiration and water lost from the skin during sweating.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Salt concentration in the body varies markedly between individuals, and depends on how much salt they consume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The primary factor responsible for regulating H₂O
a.balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The principal ECF cation is ____________________, which is accompanied primarily by the anion ____________________ and to a lesser extent ____________________.

Accepted Answer

sodium; ch

Question 9

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Cells shrink.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration

Question 10

Which is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume

Accepted Answer

A) maintenance of salt balance 
B) maintenance of water balance 
C) the baroreceptor reflex 
D) fluid shifts between interstitial fluid and plasma 
A) maintenance of salt balance 
B) maintenance of water balance 
C) the baroreceptor reflex 
D) fluid shifts between interstitial fluid and plasma

Question 11

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Vasopressin secretion is stimulated as a compensatory mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration

Question 12

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Symptoms include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration

Question 14

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match the acid-base abnormalities, labelled a. through d. with the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratios.
-40/1

Accepted Answer

A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
C) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis 
A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis 
B) uncompensated metabolic acidosis 
C) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis 
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 16

Which of these statements does NOT describe the respiratory mechanism of pH control

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory rate and depth increase as a compensatory measure to combat metabolic acidosis. 
B) The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis. 
C) The respiratory responses to acid-base imbalances represent the second line of defence against changes in pH of the body fluids. 
D) Metabolic alkalosis inhibits (depresses) respiration. 
A) Respiratory rate and depth increase as a compensatory measure to combat metabolic acidosis. 
B) The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis. 
C) The respiratory responses to acid-base imbalances represent the second line of defence against changes in pH of the body fluids. 
D) Metabolic alkalosis inhibits (depresses) respiration.

Question 17

Which ion has the greatest concentration in the cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

A) calcium ion 
B) chloride ion 
C) phosphate ion 
D) potassium ion 
A) calcium ion 
B) chloride ion 
C) phosphate ion 
D) potassium ion

Question 18

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-compensated metabolic acidosis

Accepted Answer

A) [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal 
B) [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal 
C) [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] normal 
D) [CO₂] decreased below normal,[ HCO₃-] normal 
E) [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal
F)[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal
G)[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal
H)[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal
I)[CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] normal 
A) [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal 
B) [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal 
C) [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] normal 
D) [CO₂] decreased below normal,[ HCO₃-] normal 
E) [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal
F)[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal
G)[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal
H)[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal
I)[CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] normal

Question 19

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation, because CO₂ is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Osmoreceptor input normally is the dominant factor for controlling the secretion of ____________________ from the pituitary.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Osmoreceptor input normally is the dominant factor...

A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction: one that can yield free H⁺ and one that can bind with free H⁺.

Which of these statements does NOT describe pH

Which of these statements does NOT apply to hypotonicity of the body fluids

Insensible water loss includes water lost from the lungs during expiration and water lost from the skin during sweating.

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

Salt concentration in the body varies markedly between individuals, and depends on how much salt they consume.

The primary factor responsible for regulating H₂O a.balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

The principal ECF cation is , which is accompanied primarily by the anion and to a lesser extent .

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Cells shrink.

Which is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Vasopressin secretion is stimulated as a compensatory mechanism.

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Symptoms include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.

Match the acid-base abnormalities, labelled a. through d. with the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratios. -40/1

Which of these statements does NOT describe the respiratory mechanism of pH control

Which ion has the greatest concentration in the cytoplasm

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -compensated metabolic acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation, because CO₂ is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

Osmoreceptor input normally is the dominant factor for controlling the secretion of ____________________ from the pituitary.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance

A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction: one that can yield free H⁺ and one that can bind with free H⁺.

Which of these statements does NOT describe pH

Which of these statements does NOT apply to hypotonicity of the body fluids

Insensible water loss includes water lost from the lungs during expiration and water lost from the skin during sweating.

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

Salt concentration in the body varies markedly between individuals, and depends on how much salt they consume.

The primary factor responsible for regulating H₂O a.balance in the body is control of fluid intake via the thirst mechanism.

The principal ECF cation is ____________________, which is accompanied primarily by the anion ____________________ and to a lesser extent ____________________.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Cells shrink.

Which is the most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Vasopressin secretion is stimulated as a compensatory mechanism.

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Symptoms include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.

Match the acid-base abnormalities, labelled a. through d. with the [HCO₃-]/[CO₂] ratios. -40/1

Which of these statements does NOT describe the respiratory mechanism of pH control

Which ion has the greatest concentration in the cytoplasm

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -compensated metabolic acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation, because CO₂ is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

Osmoreceptor input normally is the dominant factor for controlling the secretion of ____________________ from the pituitary.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

The principal ECF cation is , which is accompanied primarily by the anion and to a lesser extent .