Question 1

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF

Accepted Answer

A) Fluid will shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B) Fluid will NOT shift between the ECF and ICF. 
C) Fluid will shift from the ECF into the ICF. 
D) Fluid will move the solutes out from the ICF. 
A) Fluid will shift from the ICF into the ECF. 
B) Fluid will NOT shift between the ECF and ICF. 
C) Fluid will shift from the ECF into the ICF. 
D) Fluid will move the solutes out from the ICF.

Question 3

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O
a.intake equals H₂O
a.output.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-amount of Na⁺ excreted

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 5

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic.
-primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids

Accepted Answer

A) haemoglobin buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) H2CO3:HCO₃- buffer system 
A) haemoglobin buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) H2CO3:HCO₃- buffer system

Question 6

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Convulsions and coma may occur.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration

Question 7

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-severe exercise

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 8

What is the primary buffer system in the ECF

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate/carbonic acid 
B) chloride/hydrochloric acid 
C) haemoglobin 
D) phosphate 
A) bicarbonate/carbonic acid 
B) chloride/hydrochloric acid 
C) haemoglobin 
D) phosphate

Question 9

____________________ acidosis results from the abnormal retention of carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ acidosis results from the abnormal retention...

Question 10

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-glomerular capillary blood pressure

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 11

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-amount of H₂O
a.excreted

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 12

Alkalosis eventually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-thirst

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 14

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic.
-buffers H⁺ generated from carbonic acid

Accepted Answer

A) haemoglobin buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) H2CO3:HCO₃- buffer system 
A) haemoglobin buffer system 
B) phosphate buffer system 
C) protein buffer system 
D) H2CO3:HCO₃- buffer system

Question 15

What happens when large amounts of pure water are consumed

Accepted Answer

A) The volume of the ICF will decrease. 
B) The volume of the ECF will decrease. 
C) The ECF will become hypertonic to the ICF. 
D) The osmolarities of the ICF and the ECF will drop. 
A) The volume of the ICF will decrease. 
B) The volume of the ECF will decrease. 
C) The ECF will become hypertonic to the ICF. 
D) The osmolarities of the ICF and the ECF will drop.

Question 16

The extent of dissociation for a given acid is a constant, K.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Urine excretion is the most important ____________________...

Question 18

When [H⁺] decreases, the kidneys excrete less HCO₃- into the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT influenced by a change in the pH of body fluids

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate excretion 
B) enzyme activity 
C) potassium excretion 
D) protein shape and activity 
A) phosphate excretion 
B) enzyme activity 
C) potassium excretion 
D) protein shape and activity

Question 20

Common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Which of the following will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O a.intake equals H₂O a.output.

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic. -primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Convulsions and coma may occur.

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -severe exercise

What is the primary buffer system in the ECF

____________________ acidosis results from the abnormal retention of carbon dioxide.

Alkalosis eventually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic. -buffers H⁺ generated from carbonic acid

What happens when large amounts of pure water are consumed

The extent of dissociation for a given acid is a constant, K.

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

When [H⁺] decreases, the kidneys excrete less HCO₃- into the urine.

Which of the following is NOT influenced by a change in the pH of body fluids

Common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Which of the following will happen when isotonic fluid is added to the ECF

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O a.intake equals H₂O a.output.

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic. -primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Convulsions and coma may occur.

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -severe exercise

What is the primary buffer system in the ECF

____________________ acidosis results from the abnormal retention of carbon dioxide.

Alkalosis eventually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

Match the buffer systems, labelled a. through d., with their correct characteristic. -buffers H⁺ generated from carbonic acid

What happens when large amounts of pure water are consumed

The extent of dissociation for a given acid is a constant, K.

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

When [H⁺] decreases, the kidneys excrete less HCO₃- into the urine.

Which of the following is NOT influenced by a change in the pH of body fluids

Common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters