Question 1

The two important urinary buffers are filtered phosphate buffers and secreted ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two important urinary buffers are filtered...

Question 2

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H₂O
a.than an isotonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of these statements describes the respiratory mechanism of pH control

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory rate and depth decrease as a compensatory measure to combat metabolic acidosis. 
B) The respiratory system can compensate completely for uremic acidosis. 
C) Metabolic alkalosis inhibits (depresses) the respiratory centre. 
D) The respiratory responses to acid-base imbalances represent the first line of defence against changes in pH of body fluids. 
A) Respiratory rate and depth decrease as a compensatory measure to combat metabolic acidosis. 
B) The respiratory system can compensate completely for uremic acidosis. 
C) Metabolic alkalosis inhibits (depresses) the respiratory centre. 
D) The respiratory responses to acid-base imbalances represent the first line of defence against changes in pH of body fluids.

Question 4

Which of these statements applies to hypotonicity

Accepted Answer

A) Water enters the cells by osmosis. 
B) Its only cause is drinking excess fluid. 
C) It is a major consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is a deficiency of vasopressin. 
D) It is usually associated with a negative water balance. 
A) Water enters the cells by osmosis. 
B) Its only cause is drinking excess fluid. 
C) It is a major consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is a deficiency of vasopressin. 
D) It is usually associated with a negative water balance.

Question 5

A person with diarrhoea loses excessive salt and water from the body. This loss results in Na⁺ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss. Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the factors listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-calibre of the afferent arterioles

Accepted Answer

A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased 
A) exhibits no change 
B) is increased 
C) is decreased

Question 6

Cells change in size by ____________________ when immersed in a hypertonic ECF.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells change in size by ____________________ when...

Question 7

Which of these statements does NOT describe normal blood pH

Accepted Answer

A) It is slightly basic. 
B) It is slightly acidic. 
C) It falls between 7.35 and 7.45. 
D) It has a very narrow normal range. 
A) It is slightly basic. 
B) It is slightly acidic. 
C) It falls between 7.35 and 7.45. 
D) It has a very narrow normal range.

Question 8

An imbalance in the physical forces, ____________________ and ____________________, is primarily responsible for producing movement of fluid between the plasma and the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

capillary blood pressure; plas

Question 9

The kidneys secrete additional H⁺ and conserve HCO₃- to compensate for increased H⁺ concentration in the body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing...

Question 11

Which of these conditions exists when total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output

Accepted Answer

A) positive balance 
B) negative balance 
C) stable balance 
D) state of equilibrium 
A) positive balance 
B) negative balance 
C) stable balance 
D) state of equilibrium

Question 12

Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration is important in the maintenance of proper enzyme function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-uraemia

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 14

Which statement refers to transcellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A) It is the sum of fluid within all the cells. 
B) It consists of a number of small specialized fluid volumes. 
C) It plays a crucial role in fluid balance. 
D) It includes the lymph. 
A) It is the sum of fluid within all the cells. 
B) It consists of a number of small specialized fluid volumes. 
C) It plays a crucial role in fluid balance. 
D) It includes the lymph.

Question 15

Which of these statements does NOT describe chemical buffer systems

Accepted Answer

A) They minimize changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or a base is added to or removed from the solution. 
B) They can act within a fraction of a second to buffer changes in hydrogen ion concentration. 
C) The direction of their reaction is determined according to the law of mass action. 
D) They promote H⁺ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis is present. 
A) They minimize changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or a base is added to or removed from the solution. 
B) They can act within a fraction of a second to buffer changes in hydrogen ion concentration. 
C) The direction of their reaction is determined according to the law of mass action. 
D) They promote H⁺ excretion by the kidneys when acidosis is present.

Question 16

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-severe diarrhoea

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 17

A pH of _______ is considered to be chemically neutral.The normal pH of plasma is _______.The pH range compatible with life is _______ to _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pH of _______ is considered to...

Question 18

What is the major source of water loss from the body

Accepted Answer

A) insensible respiratory loss 
B) insensible skin loss 
C) sweat 
D) urine 
A) insensible respiratory loss 
B) insensible skin loss 
C) sweat 
D) urine

Question 19

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the...

The two important urinary buffers are filtered phosphate buffers and secreted ____________________.

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H₂O a.than an isotonic solution.

Which of these statements describes the respiratory mechanism of pH control

Which of these statements applies to hypotonicity

Cells change in size by ____________________ when immersed in a hypertonic ECF.

Which of these statements does NOT describe normal blood pH

An imbalance in the physical forces, and , is primarily responsible for producing movement of fluid between the plasma and the interstitial fluid.

The kidneys secrete additional H⁺ and conserve HCO₃- to compensate for increased H⁺ concentration in the body fluids.

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.

Which of these conditions exists when total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output

Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration is important in the maintenance of proper enzyme function.

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -uraemia

Which statement refers to transcellular fluid

Which of these statements does NOT describe chemical buffer systems

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -severe diarrhoea

A pH of ___ is considered to be chemically neutral.The normal pH of plasma is _.The pH range compatible with life is _ to ___.

What is the major source of water loss from the body

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The two important urinary buffers are filtered phosphate buffers and secreted ____________________.

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H₂O a.than an isotonic solution.

Which of these statements describes the respiratory mechanism of pH control

Which of these statements applies to hypotonicity

Cells change in size by ____________________ when immersed in a hypertonic ECF.

Which of these statements does NOT describe normal blood pH

An imbalance in the physical forces, ____________________ and ____________________, is primarily responsible for producing movement of fluid between the plasma and the interstitial fluid.

The kidneys secrete additional H⁺ and conserve HCO₃- to compensate for increased H⁺ concentration in the body fluids.

____________________ are a special group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.

Which of these conditions exists when total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output

Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration is important in the maintenance of proper enzyme function.

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -uraemia

Which statement refers to transcellular fluid

Which of these statements does NOT describe chemical buffer systems

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -severe diarrhoea

A pH of _______ is considered to be chemically neutral.The normal pH of plasma is _______.The pH range compatible with life is _______ to _______.

What is the major source of water loss from the body

The ____________________ fluid provides lubrication for the movements of the heart.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

An imbalance in the physical forces, and , is primarily responsible for producing movement of fluid between the plasma and the interstitial fluid.

A pH of ___ is considered to be chemically neutral.The normal pH of plasma is _.The pH range compatible with life is _ to ___.