Question 1

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Acids dissociate to produce anions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of these symptoms is/are NOT associated with alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A) disorientation and coma 
B) "pins and needles" sensations 
C) muscle twitches and muscle spasms 
D) extreme nervousness 
A) disorientation and coma 
B) "pins and needles" sensations 
C) muscle twitches and muscle spasms 
D) extreme nervousness

Question 4

On average, ____________________ percent of body weight consists of H₂O

Accepted Answer

The answer of On average, ____________________ percent of body weight...

Question 5

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The barrier between the plasma and the interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The barrier between the plasma and the...

Question 7

Which of these statements does NOT describe the kidneys' response to increased [H⁺] in the body fluids

Accepted Answer

A) They conserve HCO₃- by reabsorbing more HCO₃- and reducing its excretion in the urine. 
B) They secrete more H⁺ to be eliminated in the urine. 
C) They secrete more basic phosphate to buffer the H⁺ in the tubular filtrate. 
A) They conserve HCO₃- by reabsorbing more HCO₃- and reducing its excretion in the urine. 
B) They secrete more H⁺ to be eliminated in the urine. 
C) They secrete more basic phosphate to buffer the H⁺ in the tubular filtrate.

Question 8

Which of these statements describes salt balance in humans

Accepted Answer

A) It depends primarily upon control of Na⁺ intake through salt hunger. 
B) It depends primarily upon control of Na⁺ output by the kidneys. 
C) It is poorly regulated. 
D) It depends upon Na⁺ secretion by the kidneys. 
A) It depends primarily upon control of Na⁺ intake through salt hunger. 
B) It depends primarily upon control of Na⁺ output by the kidneys. 
C) It is poorly regulated. 
D) It depends upon Na⁺ secretion by the kidneys.

Question 9

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-fever

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis 
A) respiratory acidosis 
B) respiratory alkalosis 
C) metabolic acidosis 
D) metabolic alkalosis

Question 10

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-ECF and ICF become hypotonic.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration

Question 11

The major source of H⁺ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO₂.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of these events does NOT happen when there is excess Na⁺ in the body

Accepted Answer

A) The plasma volume is expanded, and arterial blood pressure is increased. 
B) As a compensatory measure, the GFR is increased. 
C) As a compensatory measure, aldosterone secretion is increased to increase the amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed. 
D) More K⁺ is secreted by the renal tubules. 
A) The plasma volume is expanded, and arterial blood pressure is increased. 
B) As a compensatory measure, the GFR is increased. 
C) As a compensatory measure, aldosterone secretion is increased to increase the amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed. 
D) More K⁺ is secreted by the renal tubules.

Question 13

The filtration rate of H⁺ equals plasma [H⁺] times the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

GFRglomeru

Question 14

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The true internal environment is the ____________________....

Question 15

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated

Accepted Answer

A) to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity 
B) to maintain adequate urine formation 
C) to maintain proper blood pressure 
D) to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking 
A) to prevent changes in ICF osmolarity 
B) to maintain adequate urine formation 
C) to maintain proper blood pressure 
D) to prevent cells from swelling or shrinking

Question 16

Diabetes insipidus develops in the body from a deficiency of insulin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-This occurs with water deprivation.

Accepted Answer

A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration 
A) overhydration 
B) dehydration 
C) both overhydration and dehydration 
D) neither overhydration nor dehydration

Question 18

Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in blood ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in blood...

Question 19

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A) [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal 
B) [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal 
C) [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] normal 
D) [CO₂] decreased below normal,[ HCO₃-] normal 
E) [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal
F)[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal
G)[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal
H)[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal
I)[CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] normal 
A) [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal 
B) [CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal 
C) [CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] normal 
D) [CO₂] decreased below normal,[ HCO₃-] normal 
E) [CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal
F)[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal
G)[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO₃-] increased above normal
H)[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO₃-] decreased below normal
I)[CO₂] normal, [HCO₃-] normal

Question 20

As H⁺ increases, K⁺ secretion also increases because of the intimate relationship between H⁺ secretion and K⁺ secretion by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Acids dissociate to produce anions.

Which of these symptoms is/are NOT associated with alkalosis

On average, ____________________ percent of body weight consists of H₂O

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

The barrier between the plasma and the interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

Which of these statements does NOT describe the kidneys' response to increased [H⁺] in the body fluids

Which of these statements describes salt balance in humans

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -fever

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -ECF and ICF become hypotonic.

The major source of H⁺ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO₂.

Which of these events does NOT happen when there is excess Na⁺ in the body

The filtration rate of H⁺ equals plasma [H⁺] times the ____________________.

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated

Diabetes insipidus develops in the body from a deficiency of insulin.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -This occurs with water deprivation.

Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in blood ____________________.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

As H⁺ increases, K⁺ secretion also increases because of the intimate relationship between H⁺ secretion and K⁺ secretion by the kidneys.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

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Exam 14: Fluid and Acidbase Balance

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.

Acids dissociate to produce anions.

Which of these symptoms is/are NOT associated with alkalosis

On average, ____________________ percent of body weight consists of H₂O

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

The barrier between the plasma and the interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

Which of these statements does NOT describe the kidneys' response to increased [H⁺] in the body fluids

Which of these statements describes salt balance in humans

Match the acid-base imbalance, labelled a. through d., that might occur in each of the situations listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -fever

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -ECF and ICF become hypotonic.

The major source of H⁺ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO₂.

Which of these events does NOT happen when there is excess Na⁺ in the body

The filtration rate of H⁺ equals plasma [H⁺] times the ____________________.

The true internal environment is the ____________________.

What is the primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated

Diabetes insipidus develops in the body from a deficiency of insulin.

Match the imbalances, labelled a. through d., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -This occurs with water deprivation.

Baroreceptors are sensitive to changes in blood ____________________.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO₃-] levels, labelled a. through i., in each of the following situations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

As H⁺ increases, K⁺ secretion also increases because of the intimate relationship between H⁺ secretion and K⁺ secretion by the kidneys.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters