Question 1

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms.
-tubular secretion

Accepted Answer

A) movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
B) movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
C) everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed 
D) movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood 
A) movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
B) movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
C) everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed 
D) movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood

Question 2

The specialized cells of the ____________________ within the ____________________ detect changes in the rate at which fluid is flowing past them through the tubule.In response, they secrete vasoactive chemicals that influence the GFR by making adjustments in the calibre of the ____________________ arterioles.This is known as the ____________________ feedback mechanism.

Accepted Answer

macula densa; juxtag

Question 3

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which compensatory change in renal function occurs as a result of the baroreceptor reflex

Accepted Answer

A) afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
B) efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
C) reduction in GFR 
D) afferent arteriolar vasodilation 
A) afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
B) efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
C) reduction in GFR 
D) afferent arteriolar vasodilation

Question 4

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 5

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Indicate whether the factors in question would ultimately lead to an increase (a.) or a decrease (b.) in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-a precipitous fall in arterial blood pressure, as during a haemorrhage

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption 
B) a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption 
A) an increase in Na⁺ reabsorption 
B) a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption

Question 7

Where are the osmoreceptors that contribute to water balance located

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus 
B) adrenal cortex 
C) juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D) renal cortex 
A) hypothalamus 
B) adrenal cortex 
C) juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D) renal cortex

Question 8

In the kidney, blood is filtered in the cortex, drains through the renal pelvis into the renal medulla, and from there travels in the ureter to the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which statement applies to inulin

Accepted Answer

A) It is filtered, not reabsorbed, but secreted. 
B) It is filtered, not reabsorbed, and not secreted. 
C) It is filtered, reabsorbed, and not secreted. 
D) It is filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted. 
A) It is filtered, not reabsorbed, but secreted. 
B) It is filtered, not reabsorbed, and not secreted. 
C) It is filtered, reabsorbed, and not secreted. 
D) It is filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted.

Question 10

The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following does NOT apply to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A) actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid 
B) impermeable to water 
C) found in the renal cortex 
D) thick wall 
A) actively transports NaCl into the surrounding interstitial fluid 
B) impermeable to water 
C) found in the renal cortex 
D) thick wall

Question 12

Which statement does NOT describe tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A) It refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid. 
B) It occurs by either active or passive transport. 
C) It involves the process of transepithelial transport. 
D) It is highly selective and variable. 
A) It refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular fluid. 
B) It occurs by either active or passive transport. 
C) It involves the process of transepithelial transport. 
D) It is highly selective and variable.

Question 13

Which of the following would decrease the GFR

Accepted Answer

A) a fall in plasma protein concentration 
B) an obstruction such as a kidney stone in the tubular system 
C) vasodilation of the afferent arterioles 
D) a high hydrostatic pressure 
A) a fall in plasma protein concentration 
B) an obstruction such as a kidney stone in the tubular system 
C) vasodilation of the afferent arterioles 
D) a high hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Decreased vasopressin secretion __________ H₂O
a.reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 15

Which of these mechanisms is NOT responsible for producing concentrated urine

Accepted Answer

A) juxtamedullary nephrons becoming active 
B) countercurrent mechanism pulling out much water 
C) severe dehydration 
D) ANP causing facultative water reabsorption in distal tubule 
A) juxtamedullary nephrons becoming active 
B) countercurrent mechanism pulling out much water 
C) severe dehydration 
D) ANP causing facultative water reabsorption in distal tubule

Question 16

GFR = ____________________ × ____________________

Accepted Answer

Kf; net filtration p

Question 17

In general, the substances in the filtrate that need to be conserved are selectively reabsorbed whereas the unwanted substances that need to be eliminated fail to be reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of these statements describes tubular maximum (Tm)

Accepted Answer

A) It is the rate of glomerular filtration. 
B) It is the rate at which a substance can be reabsorbed because of saturation of the carrier molecule. 
C) It is the rate at which a substance can be cleared from the blood. 
D) It is the percentage of renal blood flow that can be converted to filtrate. 
A) It is the rate of glomerular filtration. 
B) It is the rate at which a substance can be reabsorbed because of saturation of the carrier molecule. 
C) It is the rate at which a substance can be cleared from the blood. 
D) It is the percentage of renal blood flow that can be converted to filtrate.

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT stimulate aldosterone secretion

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in plasma K⁺ 
B) a decrease in plasma K⁺ 
C) overhydration 
D) low plasma sodium level 
A) an increase in plasma K⁺ 
B) a decrease in plasma K⁺ 
C) overhydration 
D) low plasma sodium level

Question 20

In which part of the kidney does the greatest percentage of Na⁺ reabsorption take place

Accepted Answer

A) proximal tubule 
B) loop of Henle 
C) distal tubule 
D) collecting tubule 
A) proximal tubule 
B) loop of Henle 
C) distal tubule 
D) collecting tubule

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms. -tubular secretion

The specialized cells of the within the detect changes in the rate at which fluid is flowing past them through the tubule.In response, they secrete vasoactive chemicals that influence the GFR by making adjustments in the calibre of the arterioles.This is known as the feedback mechanism.

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which compensatory change in renal function occurs as a result of the baroreceptor reflex

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -urinary bladder

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

Where are the osmoreceptors that contribute to water balance located

In the kidney, blood is filtered in the cortex, drains through the renal pelvis into the renal medulla, and from there travels in the ureter to the urinary bladder.

Which statement applies to inulin

The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Which of the following does NOT apply to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Which statement does NOT describe tubular reabsorption

Which of the following would decrease the GFR

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Decreased vasopressin secretion __________ H₂O a.reabsorption.

Which of these mechanisms is NOT responsible for producing concentrated urine

GFR = ×

In general, the substances in the filtrate that need to be conserved are selectively reabsorbed whereas the unwanted substances that need to be eliminated fail to be reabsorbed.

Which of these statements describes tubular maximum (Tm)

Which of the following does NOT stimulate aldosterone secretion

In which part of the kidney does the greatest percentage of Na⁺ reabsorption take place

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms. -tubular secretion

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal, which compensatory change in renal function occurs as a result of the baroreceptor reflex

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -urinary bladder

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

Where are the osmoreceptors that contribute to water balance located

In the kidney, blood is filtered in the cortex, drains through the renal pelvis into the renal medulla, and from there travels in the ureter to the urinary bladder.

Which statement applies to inulin

The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Which of the following does NOT apply to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Which statement does NOT describe tubular reabsorption

Which of the following would decrease the GFR

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Decreased vasopressin secretion __________ H₂O a.reabsorption.

Which of these mechanisms is NOT responsible for producing concentrated urine

GFR = ____________________ × ____________________

In general, the substances in the filtrate that need to be conserved are selectively reabsorbed whereas the unwanted substances that need to be eliminated fail to be reabsorbed.

Which of these statements describes tubular maximum (Tm)

Which of the following does NOT stimulate aldosterone secretion

In which part of the kidney does the greatest percentage of Na⁺ reabsorption take place

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

GFR = ×