Question 1

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-tubular secretion

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 2

Which of these statements does NOT refer to aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) It stimulates Na⁺ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules. 
B) It is secreted by the JG apparatus. 
C) It stimulates K⁺ secretion in the distal tubule. 
D) It is secreted by the adrenal cortex. 
A) It stimulates Na⁺ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules. 
B) It is secreted by the JG apparatus. 
C) It stimulates K⁺ secretion in the distal tubule. 
D) It is secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Question 3

Why is glucose NOT normally found in the urine

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose does not get filtered out of the glomerulus. 
B) Glucose is not found in the blood. 
C) Glucose is kept in the blood. 
D) Glucose is usually reabsorbed by renal tubule cells. 
A) Glucose does not get filtered out of the glomerulus. 
B) Glucose is not found in the blood. 
C) Glucose is kept in the blood. 
D) Glucose is usually reabsorbed by renal tubule cells.

Question 4

Acute renal failure may be reversible, whereas chronic renal failure is not reversible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of these statements applies to the blood that flows through the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A) normally about 20 to 25 percent of the total cardiac output 
B) all filtered through the glomeruli 
C) all used to supply the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients 
D) normally about 40 percent of the total cardiac output 
A) normally about 20 to 25 percent of the total cardiac output 
B) all filtered through the glomeruli 
C) all used to supply the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients 
D) normally about 40 percent of the total cardiac output

Question 6

NaCl is actively transported from the descending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary osmotic gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-potent constrictor of arterioles

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 9

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Increased vasopressin secretion __________ urinary output.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 10

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na+ depletion) __________ renin secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 11

Which statement describes the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

Accepted Answer

A) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H₂Oa. and NaCl. 
B) The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C) The descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule and into the interstitial fluid. 
D) It is located at the junction of the renal cortex and the medulla. 
A) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H₂Oa. and NaCl. 
B) The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C) The descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule and into the interstitial fluid. 
D) It is located at the junction of the renal cortex and the medulla.

Question 12

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-Bowman's capsule

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 13

The glomerular filtrate contains only substances that are not needed by the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes, depending on the body's needs

Accepted Answer

A) the Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase pump and cotransport carriers 
B) the juxtaglomerular apparatus and vasa recta 
C) the podocytes and peritubular capillaries 
D) the medullary vertical osmotic gradient and vasopressin 
A) the Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase pump and cotransport carriers 
B) the juxtaglomerular apparatus and vasa recta 
C) the podocytes and peritubular capillaries 
D) the medullary vertical osmotic gradient and vasopressin

Question 15

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of these statements applies to dehydration

Accepted Answer

A) Fluid lost during respiration is decreased in cold, dry environments such as those in Canada. 
B) Peripheral constriction can lead to increased dieresis, which increases the rate of onset of dehydration. 
C) Previous research on winter athletes has found that they never have problems with dehydration during intense outdoor exercise. 
D) Dehydration will make the body's fluid concentration more hypotonic. 
A) Fluid lost during respiration is decreased in cold, dry environments such as those in Canada. 
B) Peripheral constriction can lead to increased dieresis, which increases the rate of onset of dehydration. 
C) Previous research on winter athletes has found that they never have problems with dehydration during intense outdoor exercise. 
D) Dehydration will make the body's fluid concentration more hypotonic.

Question 17

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Vasopressin increases H₂O
a.reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The amount of glucose filtered is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -tubular secretion

Which of these statements does NOT refer to aldosterone

Why is glucose NOT normally found in the urine

Acute renal failure may be reversible, whereas chronic renal failure is not reversible.

Which of these statements applies to the blood that flows through the kidneys

NaCl is actively transported from the descending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary osmotic gradient.

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -potent constrictor of arterioles

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Increased vasopressin secretion __________ urinary output.

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) __________ renin secretion.

Which statement describes the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -Bowman's capsule

The glomerular filtrate contains only substances that are not needed by the body.

Which of the following enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes, depending on the body's needs

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Which of these statements applies to dehydration

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

Vasopressin increases H₂O a.reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

The amount of glucose filtered is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -tubular secretion

Which of these statements does NOT refer to aldosterone

Why is glucose NOT normally found in the urine

Acute renal failure may be reversible, whereas chronic renal failure is not reversible.

Which of these statements applies to the blood that flows through the kidneys

NaCl is actively transported from the descending limb of the loop of Henle to establish the medullary osmotic gradient.

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -potent constrictor of arterioles

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Increased vasopressin secretion __________ urinary output.

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na+ depletion) __________ renin secretion.

Which statement describes the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -Bowman's capsule

The glomerular filtrate contains only substances that are not needed by the body.

Which of the following enable the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes, depending on the body's needs

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Which of these statements applies to dehydration

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is the same as in capillaries elsewhere in the body.

Vasopressin increases H₂O a.reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

The kidneys receive a disproportionately large share of the cardiac output for the purpose of adjusting and purifying the plasma.

The amount of glucose filtered is directly proportional to the plasma glucose concentration at all plasma glucose concentrations.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) __________ renin secretion.