Question 1

Into which of these structures does most reabsorption occur

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubule 
B) glomerulus 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) loop of Henle 
A) proximal convoluted tubule 
B) glomerulus 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) loop of Henle

Question 2

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-subject to hormonal control

Accepted Answer

A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle 
A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle

Question 3

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O
a., solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O
a.reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The group of cells located where the distal tubule comes into contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron is known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following happens when the bladder of an infant becomes full of urine

Accepted Answer

A) Stretch receptors in the bladder wall are inhibited. 
B) The parasympathetic nerve supplying the bladder is inhibited, allowing the bladder to relax. 
C) A motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is stimulated, causing the sphincter to open. 
D) A motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is inhibited, allowing the sphincter to open. 
A) Stretch receptors in the bladder wall are inhibited. 
B) The parasympathetic nerve supplying the bladder is inhibited, allowing the bladder to relax. 
C) A motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is stimulated, causing the sphincter to open. 
D) A motor neuron supplying the external urethral sphincter is inhibited, allowing the sphincter to open.

Question 7

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

Accepted Answer

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is

Question 8

Which of these statements describes glomerular filtrate

Accepted Answer

A) It is plasma-free blood. 
B) It is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane. 
C) It does not contain foreign compounds. 
D) Its rate is increased by increased plasma protein level. 
A) It is plasma-free blood. 
B) It is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane. 
C) It does not contain foreign compounds. 
D) Its rate is increased by increased plasma protein level.

Question 9

a substance is reabsorbed, it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A plasma clearance of 135 mL/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 mL/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Vasopressin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is the energy required for glucose reabsorption used for

Accepted Answer

A) to run the Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase pump 
B) to run the Na⁺-glucose cotransport carrier 
C) to maintain the Tm for glucose 
D) to produce aldosterone-induced protein, which increases the permeability of the proximal tubular cells to glucose 
A) to run the Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase pump 
B) to run the Na⁺-glucose cotransport carrier 
C) to maintain the Tm for glucose 
D) to produce aldosterone-induced protein, which increases the permeability of the proximal tubular cells to glucose

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT associated with juxtamedullary nephrons

Accepted Answer

A) importance in the ability of the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentration 
B) long loops of Henle 
C) peritubular capillaries forming vasa recta 
D) glomeruli located in medulla 
A) importance in the ability of the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentration 
B) long loops of Henle 
C) peritubular capillaries forming vasa recta 
D) glomeruli located in medulla

Question 14

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Increased renin secretion __________ angiotensin I activation.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 15

What is the functional unit of the kidney

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) nephron 
C) medulla 
D) juxtaglomerular apparatus 
A) glomerulus 
B) nephron 
C) medulla 
D) juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 16

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-plays a pivotal role in the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, H₂O
a., Cl -, and urea

Accepted Answer

A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle 
A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle

Question 17

What is the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism

Accepted Answer

A) plasma proteins 
B) amino acids 
C) glucose 
D) urea 
A) plasma proteins 
B) amino acids 
C) glucose 
D) urea

Question 18

Which factor would reduce net filtration pressure the most

Accepted Answer

A) vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
B) vasocontraction of the efferent arteriole 
C) a low capsular hydrostatic pressure 
D) a large increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure 
A) vasodilation of the afferent arteriole 
B) vasocontraction of the efferent arteriole 
C) a low capsular hydrostatic pressure 
D) a large increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 19

Two means by which substances can enter the renal tubules are ____________________ and ____________________.Two means by which substances can leave the kidney tubules are ____________________ and ____________________.

Accepted Answer

glomerular filtration; tubular secretion

Question 20

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Into which of these structures does most reabsorption occur

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -subject to hormonal control

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O a., solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O a.reabsorption.

The group of cells located where the distal tubule comes into contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron is known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Which of the following happens when the bladder of an infant becomes full of urine

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

Which of these statements describes glomerular filtrate

a substance is reabsorbed, it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

A plasma clearance of 135 mL/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 mL/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs.

Vasopressin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

What is the energy required for glucose reabsorption used for

Which of the following is NOT associated with juxtamedullary nephrons

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Increased renin secretion __________ angiotensin I activation.

What is the functional unit of the kidney

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -plays a pivotal role in the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, H₂O a., Cl ^-, and urea

What is the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism

Which factor would reduce net filtration pressure the most

Two means by which substances can enter the renal tubules are and .Two means by which substances can leave the kidney tubules are and .

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

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Exam 13: The Urinary System

Into which of these structures does most reabsorption occur

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -subject to hormonal control

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O a., solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O a.reabsorption.

The group of cells located where the distal tubule comes into contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the same nephron is known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Which of the following happens when the bladder of an infant becomes full of urine

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

Which of these statements describes glomerular filtrate

a substance is reabsorbed, it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

A plasma clearance of 135 mL/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 mL/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs.

Vasopressin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

What is the energy required for glucose reabsorption used for

Which of the following is NOT associated with juxtamedullary nephrons

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Increased renin secretion __________ angiotensin I activation.

What is the functional unit of the kidney

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -plays a pivotal role in the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, H₂O a., Cl -, and urea

What is the major waste product of nitrogen metabolism

Which factor would reduce net filtration pressure the most

Two means by which substances can enter the renal tubules are ____________________ and ____________________.Two means by which substances can leave the kidney tubules are ____________________ and ____________________.

Changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -plays a pivotal role in the reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, H₂O a., Cl ^-, and urea

Two means by which substances can enter the renal tubules are and .Two means by which substances can leave the kidney tubules are and .