Question 1

By tubular secretion, substances leave the blood and enter the tubular portion of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-nephron

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 3

Describe micturition in an adult and a baby.

Accepted Answer

Micturition, also known as urination, is

Question 4

The driving force for H₂O
a.reabsorption across all permeable segments of the kidney tubule is an osmotic gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the order of flow of filtrate through the nephron components and associated structures

Accepted Answer

A) ascending limb of loop of Henle; proximal tubule; distal tubule; collecting tubule; Bowman's capsule; descending limb of loop of Henle 
B) Bowman's capsule; proximal tubule; descending limb of loop of Henle; ascending limb of loop of Henle; distal tubule; collecting tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule; distal tubule; proximal tubule; collecting tubule; descending limb of loop of Henle; ascending limb of loop of Henle 
D) collecting tubule; Bowman's capsule; proximal tubule; descending limb of loop of Henle; ascending limb of loop of Henle; distal tubule 
A) ascending limb of loop of Henle; proximal tubule; distal tubule; collecting tubule; Bowman's capsule; descending limb of loop of Henle 
B) Bowman's capsule; proximal tubule; descending limb of loop of Henle; ascending limb of loop of Henle; distal tubule; collecting tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule; distal tubule; proximal tubule; collecting tubule; descending limb of loop of Henle; ascending limb of loop of Henle 
D) collecting tubule; Bowman's capsule; proximal tubule; descending limb of loop of Henle; ascending limb of loop of Henle; distal tubule

Question 6

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed.
-filtered and passively reabsorbed

Accepted Answer

A) K⁺ 
B) glucose 
C) inulin 
D) plasma protein 
E) urea
F)H⁺ 
A) K⁺ 
B) glucose 
C) inulin 
D) plasma protein 
E) urea
F)H⁺

Question 8

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺, which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of these statements does NOT describe water reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules. 
B) It occurs to the greatest extent in the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) It is under vasopressin control in the distal and collecting tubules. 
A) It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules. 
B) It occurs to the greatest extent in the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) It is under vasopressin control in the distal and collecting tubules.

Question 10

____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GFR.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms...

Question 11

Because of countercurrent multiplication, the loop of Henle is able to establish a vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla ranging from 300 to 1,200 mOsm/litre, despite the fact that the active salt pump of the ascending limb is able to produce only a 200 mOsm/litre osmotic gradient at each horizontal level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What are the distal and collecting tubules the site of

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone and vasopressin action 
B) the organic ion secretory systems 
C) the cotransport carriers for glucose and amino acid reabsorption 
D) glucose reabsorption 
A) aldosterone and vasopressin action 
B) the organic ion secretory systems 
C) the cotransport carriers for glucose and amino acid reabsorption 
D) glucose reabsorption

Question 13

What happens to the concentration of tubular fluid as it flows up the ascending loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A) Its concentration remains unchanged. 
B) Its concentration increases. 
C) Its pressure decreases. 
D) Its concentration decreases. 
A) Its concentration remains unchanged. 
B) Its concentration increases. 
C) Its pressure decreases. 
D) Its concentration decreases.

Question 14

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics.
-a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose 
A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose

Question 15

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-important in the regulation of ECF volume

Accepted Answer

A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle 
A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle

Question 16

Which of these statements refers to aldosterone secretion

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs in the kidney. 
B) It is stimulated by angiotensin II. 
C) It is controlled by the concentration of Cl -. 
D) It is secreted by the macula densa. 
A) It occurs in the kidney. 
B) It is stimulated by angiotensin II. 
C) It is controlled by the concentration of Cl -. 
D) It is secreted by the macula densa.

Question 17

When tubular fluid enters the distal tubule, it is hypotonic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Describe the mechanisms by which the kidney produces concentrated urine.

Accepted Answer

The kidney produces concentrated urine t

Question 19

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

Accepted Answer

Urinary in

By tubular secretion, substances leave the blood and enter the tubular portion of the nephron.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -nephron

Describe micturition in an adult and a baby.

The driving force for H₂O a.reabsorption across all permeable segments of the kidney tubule is an osmotic gradient.

What is the order of flow of filtrate through the nephron components and associated structures

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. -filtered and passively reabsorbed

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺, which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

Which of these statements does NOT describe water reabsorption

____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GFR.

What are the distal and collecting tubules the site of

What happens to the concentration of tubular fluid as it flows up the ascending loop of Henle

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -important in the regulation of ECF volume

Which of these statements refers to aldosterone secretion

When tubular fluid enters the distal tubule, it is hypotonic.

Describe the mechanisms by which the kidney produces concentrated urine.

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

By tubular secretion, substances leave the blood and enter the tubular portion of the nephron.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -nephron

Describe micturition in an adult and a baby.

The driving force for H₂O a.reabsorption across all permeable segments of the kidney tubule is an osmotic gradient.

What is the order of flow of filtrate through the nephron components and associated structures

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. -filtered and passively reabsorbed

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺, which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

Which of these statements does NOT describe water reabsorption

____________________ is a group of intrinsic mechanisms in the kidneys that prevent changes in the GFR.

What are the distal and collecting tubules the site of

What happens to the concentration of tubular fluid as it flows up the ascending loop of Henle

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -a nitrogen waste product from RNA metabolism

Match the correct statements about sodium reabsorption, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -important in the regulation of ECF volume

Which of these statements refers to aldosterone secretion

When tubular fluid enters the distal tubule, it is hypotonic.

Describe the mechanisms by which the kidney produces concentrated urine.

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters