Question 1

Which of these substances is NOT normally secreted into the tubule

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen ions 
B) potassium ions 
C) glucose 
D) water molecules 
A) hydrogen ions 
B) potassium ions 
C) glucose 
D) water molecules

Question 2

Which of these statements does NOT apply to potassium

Accepted Answer

A) It is secreted in the proximal tubule. 
B) It is actively secreted in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C) Its secretion is controlled by aldosterone. 
D) Its secretion is linked with Na⁺ reabsorption by the Na⁺-K⁺ pump. 
A) It is secreted in the proximal tubule. 
B) It is actively secreted in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C) Its secretion is controlled by aldosterone. 
D) Its secretion is linked with Na⁺ reabsorption by the Na⁺-K⁺ pump.

Question 3

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-Increased vasopressin secretion __________ Na⁺ reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 4

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed.
-filtered and actively reabsorbed but not secreted

Accepted Answer

A) K⁺ 
B) glucose 
C) inulin 
D) plasma protein 
E) urea
F)H⁺ 
A) K⁺ 
B) glucose 
C) inulin 
D) plasma protein 
E) urea
F)H⁺

Question 5

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO4 is equal to the normal plasma PO4 concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of these statements does NOT refer to the macula densa

Accepted Answer

A) It consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
B) It is at a point where the distal tubule passes through. 
C) It secretes renin. 
D) It consists of specialized arteriolar smooth-muscle cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
A) It consists of specialized tubular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
B) It is at a point where the distal tubule passes through. 
C) It secretes renin. 
D) It consists of specialized arteriolar smooth-muscle cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Question 8

On average, of the 125 mL/min of plasma filtered, ____________________ mL/min is reabsorbed, and ____________________ mL/min is excreted as urine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On average, of the 125 mL/min of...

Question 9

Which of these statements applies to vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A) It can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body. 
B) It increases Na⁺ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron. 
C) It renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D) It activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells. 
A) It can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body. 
B) It increases Na⁺ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron. 
C) It renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D) It activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells.

Question 10

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-secretion directly stimulated by a low plasma K⁺ concentration

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 11

The renal threshold represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics.
-a detoxified ammonia compound

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose 
A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose

Question 13

Which of these statements does NOT describe the proximal tubule

Accepted Answer

A) It reabsorbs about 65 percent of the filtered water. 
B) It receives the filtrate from Bowman's capsule. 
C) It is the location where glucose is reabsorbed. 
D) It is the site of action of renin. 
A) It reabsorbs about 65 percent of the filtered water. 
B) It receives the filtrate from Bowman's capsule. 
C) It is the location where glucose is reabsorbed. 
D) It is the site of action of renin.

Question 14

____________________ is increased urinary output of H₂O
a.with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; ____________________ refers to increased excretion of both H₂O
a.and solutes.

Accepted Answer

Water diur

Question 15

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of these factors does NOT contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla

Accepted Answer

A) the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
B) countercurrent multiplication in the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons 
C) urea recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle 
D) active transportation of sodium out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle 
A) the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
B) countercurrent multiplication in the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons 
C) urea recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle 
D) active transportation of sodium out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 17

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics.
-reabsorbed actively and passively

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose 
A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose

Question 18

Which of these statements describes tubular secretion

Accepted Answer

A) It refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen. 
B) It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
C) It can occur in the proximal convoluted tubules and is stimulated by aldosterone. 
D) It is a supplemental mechanism that hastens elimination of compounds from the body. 
A) It refers to the movement of a substance from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen. 
B) It can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms. 
C) It can occur in the proximal convoluted tubules and is stimulated by aldosterone. 
D) It is a supplemental mechanism that hastens elimination of compounds from the body.

Question 19

ACE inhibitor drugs promote diuresis by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of these statements does NOT apply to vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A) It increases the permeability of the proximal portion of the collecting tubule to urea. 
B) It increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water. 
C) Its secretion is stimulated by a water deficit. 
D) It is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland. 
A) It increases the permeability of the proximal portion of the collecting tubule to urea. 
B) It increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water. 
C) Its secretion is stimulated by a water deficit. 
D) It is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland.

Which of these substances is NOT normally secreted into the tubule

Which of these statements does NOT apply to potassium

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Increased vasopressin secretion __________ Na⁺ reabsorption.

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. -filtered and actively reabsorbed but not secreted

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO4 is equal to the normal plasma PO4 concentration.

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.

Which of these statements does NOT refer to the macula densa

On average, of the 125 mL/min of plasma filtered, mL/min is reabsorbed, and mL/min is excreted as urine.

Which of these statements applies to vasopressin

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -secretion directly stimulated by a low plasma K⁺ concentration

The renal threshold represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time.

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -a detoxified ammonia compound

Which of these statements does NOT describe the proximal tubule

is increased urinary output of H₂O a.with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; refers to increased excretion of both H₂O a.and solutes.

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Which of these factors does NOT contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -reabsorbed actively and passively

Which of these statements describes tubular secretion

ACE inhibitor drugs promote diuresis by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

Which of these statements does NOT apply to vasopressin

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

Which of these substances is NOT normally secreted into the tubule

Which of these statements does NOT apply to potassium

Match the effects, labelled a. through c., with the statements. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -Increased vasopressin secretion __________ Na⁺ reabsorption.

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. -filtered and actively reabsorbed but not secreted

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration, but the renal threshold for PO4 is equal to the normal plasma PO4 concentration.

Sympathetic vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and a resultant fall in the GFR occur as part of the baroreceptor reflex response when the blood pressure is too low.

Which of these statements does NOT refer to the macula densa

On average, of the 125 mL/min of plasma filtered, ____________________ mL/min is reabsorbed, and ____________________ mL/min is excreted as urine.

Which of these statements applies to vasopressin

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -secretion directly stimulated by a low plasma K⁺ concentration

The renal threshold represents the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time.

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -a detoxified ammonia compound

Which of these statements does NOT describe the proximal tubule

____________________ is increased urinary output of H₂O a.with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; ____________________ refers to increased excretion of both H₂O a.and solutes.

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Which of these factors does NOT contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -reabsorbed actively and passively

Which of these statements describes tubular secretion

ACE inhibitor drugs promote diuresis by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II.

Which of these statements does NOT apply to vasopressin

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

On average, of the 125 mL/min of plasma filtered, mL/min is reabsorbed, and mL/min is excreted as urine.

is increased urinary output of H₂O a.with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; refers to increased excretion of both H₂O a.and solutes.