Question 1

In active reabsorption, all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H₂O
a.permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which part of the juxtamedullary nephron is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney

Accepted Answer

A) loop of Henle 
B) afferent arteriole 
C) collecting duct 
D) juxtaglomerular apparatus 
A) loop of Henle 
B) afferent arteriole 
C) collecting duct 
D) juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 4

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics.
-reabsorbed when H⁺ is secreted

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose 
A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) Na+ 
E) glucose

Question 5

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-peritubular capillary

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 6

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 7

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-secreted by the adrenal cortex

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 8

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-renal pelvis

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 9

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of these statements describes why tubular secretion is important

Accepted Answer

A) It is involved in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration. 
B) It is for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body. 
C) It is in the renal regulation of sodium balance. 
D) It is for glucose secretion. 
A) It is involved in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration. 
B) It is for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body. 
C) It is in the renal regulation of sodium balance. 
D) It is for glucose secretion.

Question 11

Tubular ____________________ and tubular ____________________ are selective processes that occur in the nephron.

Accepted Answer

reabsorpti

Question 12

Which of these statements does NOT describe water reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule. 
B) It is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C) It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules. 
D) It occurs passively in the descending limb of loop of Henle. 
A) It occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule. 
B) It is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C) It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules. 
D) It occurs passively in the descending limb of loop of Henle.

Question 13

If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 mL and the GFR is 125 mL/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the plasma concentration of substance X...

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A) to act directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition 
B) to contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume 
C) to excrete metabolic waste products 
D) to assist in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body 
A) to act directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition 
B) to contribute significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume 
C) to excrete metabolic waste products 
D) to assist in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the body

Question 15

Which of these statements describes the renal threshold

Accepted Answer

A) It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time. 
B) It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time. 
C) It is the plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first appears in the urine. 
D) It is the maximum amount of waste product that can be concentrated in the urine per unit of time. 
A) It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time. 
B) It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time. 
C) It is the plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first appears in the urine. 
D) It is the maximum amount of waste product that can be concentrated in the urine per unit of time.

Question 16

What happens to tubular secretion when the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic

Accepted Answer

A) No ionic substance is affected. 
B) Hydrogen ions decrease. 
C) Hydrogen ions increase. 
D) Sodium ions decrease. 
A) No ionic substance is affected. 
B) Hydrogen ions decrease. 
C) Hydrogen ions increase. 
D) Sodium ions decrease.

Question 17

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed.
-filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Accepted Answer

A) K⁺ 
B) glucose 
C) inulin 
D) plasma protein 
E) urea
F)H⁺ 
A) K⁺ 
B) glucose 
C) inulin 
D) plasma protein 
E) urea
F)H⁺

Question 18

Autoregulation of the GFR is accomplished by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The average rate of urine formation is 1 mL/min.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

In active reabsorption, all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H₂O a.permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Which part of the juxtamedullary nephron is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -reabsorbed when H⁺ is secreted

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -peritubular capillary

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -secreted by the adrenal cortex

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -renal pelvis

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Which of these statements describes why tubular secretion is important

Tubular and tubular are selective processes that occur in the nephron.

Which of these statements does NOT describe water reabsorption

If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 mL and the GFR is 125 mL/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys

Which of these statements describes the renal threshold

What happens to tubular secretion when the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. -filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Autoregulation of the GFR is accomplished by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

The average rate of urine formation is 1 mL/min.

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

In active reabsorption, all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

The receptor sites for vasopressin binding are located on the basolateral border, yet the end result is an increase in H₂O a.permeability of the luminal border of the tubular cells.

Which part of the juxtamedullary nephron is responsible for establishing the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney

Match the urinary system features, labelled a. through e., with the correct characteristics. -reabsorbed when H⁺ is secreted

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -peritubular capillary

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -secreted by the adrenal cortex

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -renal pelvis

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Which of these statements describes why tubular secretion is important

Tubular ____________________ and tubular ____________________ are selective processes that occur in the nephron.

Which of these statements does NOT describe water reabsorption

If the plasma concentration of substance X is 200 mg/100 mL and the GFR is 125 mL/min, the filtered load of this substance is ____________________.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys

Which of these statements describes the renal threshold

What happens to tubular secretion when the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic

Match the substances, labelled a. through f., with the processes listed. -filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed

Autoregulation of the GFR is accomplished by activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

The average rate of urine formation is 1 mL/min.

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Tubular and tubular are selective processes that occur in the nephron.