Question 1

The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.

Accepted Answer

para-amino

Question 2

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-acted upon by renin

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 3

ADH release is the main stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 5

____________________ percent of the filtered H₂O
a.is variably reabsorbed under the control of the hormone ____________________ in the distal and collecting tubules.

Accepted Answer

Twenty; va

Question 6

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms.
-urine excretion

Accepted Answer

A) movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
B) movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
C) everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed 
D) movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood 
A) movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
B) movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen 
C) everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed 
D) movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary blood

Question 7

The secretion of aldosterone stimulates the tubular reabsorption of sodium and the tubular secretion of potassium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The glomerular capillary blood pressure in the nephron is 78 mmHg.The Bowman's capsular hydrostatic pressure is 24 mmHg.The colloidal osmotic pressure is 18 mmHg.What is the net filtration pressure

Accepted Answer

A) 18 mmHg 
B) 26 mmHg 
C) 36 mmHg 
D) 42 mmHg 
A) 18 mmHg 
B) 26 mmHg 
C) 36 mmHg 
D) 42 mmHg

Question 9

Which of the following happens when blood volume becomes abnormally low

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium reabsorption is diminished. 
B) Dilute urine is formed. 
C) Renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen. 
D) Aldosterone is secreted by the kidney. 
A) Sodium reabsorption is diminished. 
B) Dilute urine is formed. 
C) Renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen. 
D) Aldosterone is secreted by the kidney.

Question 10

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________, indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

antidiuret

Question 11

By reabsorption, substances leave the tubules of the nephrons and return to the blood in the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

peritubula

Question 12

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which statement does NOT describe the medullary vertical osmotic gradient

Accepted Answer

A) The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons establish a medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication. 
B) The vasa recta enable the medulla to be supplied with blood while conserving the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent exchange. 
C) The countercurrent system establishes and maintains a medullary vertical osmotic gradient ranging from 300 to 1200 mOsm/litre. 
D) The collecting tubules of the juxtamedullary nephrons but not the cortical nephrons descend through the medullary vertical osmotic gradient before emptying into the renal pelvis. 
A) The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons establish a medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication. 
B) The vasa recta enable the medulla to be supplied with blood while conserving the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent exchange. 
C) The countercurrent system establishes and maintains a medullary vertical osmotic gradient ranging from 300 to 1200 mOsm/litre. 
D) The collecting tubules of the juxtamedullary nephrons but not the cortical nephrons descend through the medullary vertical osmotic gradient before emptying into the renal pelvis.

Question 14

Which of these actions does NOT occur during the micturition reflex in a baby

Accepted Answer

A) The motor neuron supplying the external sphincter is stimulated. 
B) The parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder is stimulated. 
C) The internal urethral sphincter opens mechanically due to changes in the shape of the bladder. 
D) The external urethral sphincter is relaxed. 
A) The motor neuron supplying the external sphincter is stimulated. 
B) The parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder is stimulated. 
C) The internal urethral sphincter opens mechanically due to changes in the shape of the bladder. 
D) The external urethral sphincter is relaxed.

Question 15

The two regions of the kidney are an outer ____________________ and an inner ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two regions of the kidney are...

Question 16

The Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p.
-urethra

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O₂ and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 18

Which of the following does NOT refer to the vertical osmotic gradient in the kidney

Accepted Answer

A) It is established and maintained by the countercurrent system. 
B) It makes it possible to put out urine of variable concentration by varying the degree of water permeability of the distal portions of the nephron. 
C) It is found in the renal cortex. 
D) It is seen in juxtamedullary nephrons. 
A) It is established and maintained by the countercurrent system. 
B) It makes it possible to put out urine of variable concentration by varying the degree of water permeability of the distal portions of the nephron. 
C) It is found in the renal cortex. 
D) It is seen in juxtamedullary nephrons.

Question 19

The tubular fluid is ____________________ as it enters Bowman's capsule, ____________________ at the beginning of the loop of Henle, ____________________ at the tip of the loop, and ____________________ as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.

Accepted Answer

isotonic;

Question 20

____________________ percent of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ percent of the renal tissue can...

The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -acted upon by renin

ADH release is the main stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -afferent arteriole

percent of the filtered H₂O a.is variably reabsorbed under the control of the hormone in the distal and collecting tubules.

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms. -urine excretion

The secretion of aldosterone stimulates the tubular reabsorption of sodium and the tubular secretion of potassium.

The glomerular capillary blood pressure in the nephron is 78 mmHg.The Bowman's capsular hydrostatic pressure is 24 mmHg.The colloidal osmotic pressure is 18 mmHg.What is the net filtration pressure

Which of the following happens when blood volume becomes abnormally low

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________, indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

By reabsorption, substances leave the tubules of the nephrons and return to the blood in the ____________________.

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibres.

Which statement does NOT describe the medullary vertical osmotic gradient

Which of these actions does NOT occur during the micturition reflex in a baby

The two regions of the kidney are an outer and an inner .

The Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -urethra

Which of the following does NOT refer to the vertical osmotic gradient in the kidney

The tubular fluid is as it enters Bowman's capsule, at the beginning of the loop of Henle, at the tip of the loop, and as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.

____________________ percent of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 13: The Urinary System

The plasma clearance of the organic anion ____________________ is equal to the renal plasma flow.

Match the chemicals, .labelled a. through f., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -acted upon by renin

ADH release is the main stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -afferent arteriole

____________________ percent of the filtered H₂O a.is variably reabsorbed under the control of the hormone ____________________ in the distal and collecting tubules.

Match the renal functions, labelled a. through d., with the correct terms. -urine excretion

The secretion of aldosterone stimulates the tubular reabsorption of sodium and the tubular secretion of potassium.

The glomerular capillary blood pressure in the nephron is 78 mmHg.The Bowman's capsular hydrostatic pressure is 24 mmHg.The colloidal osmotic pressure is 18 mmHg.What is the net filtration pressure

Which of the following happens when blood volume becomes abnormally low

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________, indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

By reabsorption, substances leave the tubules of the nephrons and return to the blood in the ____________________.

The smooth muscle of the bladder is innervated by parasympathetic fibres.

Which statement does NOT describe the medullary vertical osmotic gradient

Which of these actions does NOT occur during the micturition reflex in a baby

The two regions of the kidney are an outer ____________________ and an inner ____________________.

The Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration.

Match the renal structures or activities with the correct characteristics, labelled a. through p. -urethra

Which of the following does NOT refer to the vertical osmotic gradient in the kidney

The tubular fluid is ____________________ as it enters Bowman's capsule, ____________________ at the beginning of the loop of Henle, ____________________ at the tip of the loop, and ____________________ as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.

____________________ percent of the renal tissue can adequately perform all excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Sensory, Autonomic, Somatic

Principles of Endocrinology: The Central Endocrine Glands

The Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive System

Filters

percent of the filtered H₂O a.is variably reabsorbed under the control of the hormone in the distal and collecting tubules.

The two regions of the kidney are an outer and an inner .

The tubular fluid is as it enters Bowman's capsule, at the beginning of the loop of Henle, at the tip of the loop, and as it leaves the loop to enter the distal tubule.