Exam 14: Theories of Personality

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Match the examples with the appropriate defence mechanisms. -When his baby sister is born, Jake suddenly starts sucking his thumb although he hasn't done so in almost a year.

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Which of the following is NOT a factor that might cause personality differences in nontwin siblings?

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Dakota's parents place a high value on academic achievement, but his peers do not. In this situation:

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Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

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Brad is struggling with the concept of free will and the way in which it confers on us responsibility for our actions. He would be most likely to find a discussion of this issue in the writings of:

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________ describes whether people are cooperative and secure, or irritable and abrasive.

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According to Rollo May, the price of free will is often anxiety and despair.

(True/False)
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In regions with a history of herding, there are five times more "honour-related" homicides than there are in other regions.

(True/False)
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In Kaiti's culture, the wishes of the individual take precedence over group harmony. It is most likely that Kaiti defines her "self":

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In individualist cultures, more weight is given to an individual's preferences than to group norms as explanations of behaviour.

(True/False)
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Among the differences between classic psychoanalysis and object-relations theory is the emphasis by Sigmund Freud on ________ and by Melanie Klein on ________.

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Factor analysis was used by ________ in order to confirm the idea that traits vary in their "centrality" to the individual.

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If you do not want to be taken in by the Barnum effect, ask questions about the reliability and validity of the test you are taking.

(True/False)
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A ________ is a strategy that denies or distorts reality, but protects us from conflict and anxiety.

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An archetype is a universal symbolic image that appears in myths, art, and dreams.

(True/False)
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________ cultures are to autonomy as ________ cultures are to relationships.

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The shared environment of the home has a strong influence on a child's personality development.

(True/False)
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The humanist who described the importance of having peak experiences was Abraham Maslow.

(True/False)
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________ have better reliability than ________.

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Temperament is defined as:

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