Question 1

In individualist cultures, group harmony takes precedence over the wishes of the individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Describe the ways in which the object-relations school departs from Freudian theory in regard to the nature of male and female development. How does the object-relations school explain gender differences in close relationships during adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 3

Humanist psychology emphasizes our uniquely human capacity to shape our own future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Factor analysis 
B)  Reciprocal determinism 
C)  Heritability 
D)  Congruence 
A)  Factor analysis 
B)  Reciprocal determinism 
C)  Heritability 
D)  Congruence

Question 5

Explain what the authors mean when they say that adolescents live in two environments. What did psychologists discover when they surveyed freshmen at Cornell University regarding their behaviours and their interactions with parents?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 6

In individualist cultures, more weight is given to group norms than to individual attitudes as explanations of behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Personality researchers note that an important trait, ________, is not included among the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

A)  carelessness 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  suspicion 
D)  religiosity 
A)  carelessness 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  suspicion 
D)  religiosity

Question 8

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence. 
B)  whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood. 
C)  a few central traits and a greater number of secondary traits. 
D)  a gradual progression toward self-actualization. 
A)  the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence. 
B)  whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood. 
C)  a few central traits and a greater number of secondary traits. 
D)  a gradual progression toward self-actualization.

Question 9

Raymond Cattell advanced the study of personality by:

Accepted Answer

A)  using factor analysis. 
B)  using projective tests in his research. 
C)  developing case-study analysis. 
D)  devising the Myers-Briggs inventory. 
A)  using factor analysis. 
B)  using projective tests in his research. 
C)  developing case-study analysis. 
D)  devising the Myers-Briggs inventory.

Question 10

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms.
-the part of personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards

Accepted Answer

A) defence mechanism 
B) libido 
C) id 
D) superego 
E) ego 
A) defence mechanism 
B) libido 
C) id 
D) superego 
E) ego

Question 11

Cross-cultural research has identified the Big Five personality traits in places as diverse as China, Spain, Israel, and Australia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Abraham Maslow suggested that the most important personality traits were the characteristics of a self-actualized person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

During the phallic stage, young boys, but not young girls, experience a powerful motivating fear to give up their wishes to possess the parent of the opposite sex. What speculations led Freud to this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 14

A ________ is a habitual way of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

Accepted Answer

A)  temperament 
B)  personality 
C)  trait 
D)  personality type 
A)  temperament 
B)  personality 
C)  trait 
D)  personality type

Question 15

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are typically about:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.30. 
B)  0.50. 
C)  0.65. 
D)  0.70. 
A)  0.30. 
B)  0.50. 
C)  0.65. 
D)  0.70.

Question 16

The term "culture of honour" is used to describe:

Accepted Answer

A)  Japanese warriors. 
B)  Western males. 
C)  northern European cultures. 
D)  Latinos. 
A)  Japanese warriors. 
B)  Western males. 
C)  northern European cultures. 
D)  Latinos.

Question 17

Freud believed that the id was the first of the personality components to become evident.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In collectivist cultures, the self is often defined as a collection of personality traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Most of the freshmen who participated in a survey at Cornell University reported committing crimes, drinking, doing drugs, and having sex without their parents knowing anything about it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In collectivist cultures, people tend to value relationships over schedules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

In individualist cultures, group harmony takes precedence over the wishes of the individual.

Describe the ways in which the object-relations school departs from Freudian theory in regard to the nature of male and female development. How does the object-relations school explain gender differences in close relationships during adulthood?

Humanist psychology emphasizes our uniquely human capacity to shape our own future.

________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Explain what the authors mean when they say that adolescents live in two environments. What did psychologists discover when they surveyed freshmen at Cornell University regarding their behaviours and their interactions with parents?

In individualist cultures, more weight is given to group norms than to individual attitudes as explanations of behaviour.

Personality researchers note that an important trait, ________, is not included among the Big Five.

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

Raymond Cattell advanced the study of personality by:

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -the part of personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards

Cross-cultural research has identified the Big Five personality traits in places as diverse as China, Spain, Israel, and Australia.

Abraham Maslow suggested that the most important personality traits were the characteristics of a self-actualized person.

During the phallic stage, young boys, but not young girls, experience a powerful motivating fear to give up their wishes to possess the parent of the opposite sex. What speculations led Freud to this conclusion?

A ________ is a habitual way of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are typically about:

The term "culture of honour" is used to describe:

Freud believed that the id was the first of the personality components to become evident.

In collectivist cultures, the self is often defined as a collection of personality traits.

Most of the freshmen who participated in a survey at Cornell University reported committing crimes, drinking, doing drugs, and having sex without their parents knowing anything about it.

In collectivist cultures, people tend to value relationships over schedules.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 14: Theories of Personality

In individualist cultures, group harmony takes precedence over the wishes of the individual.

Describe the ways in which the object-relations school departs from Freudian theory in regard to the nature of male and female development. How does the object-relations school explain gender differences in close relationships during adulthood?

Humanist psychology emphasizes our uniquely human capacity to shape our own future.

________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Explain what the authors mean when they say that adolescents live in two environments. What did psychologists discover when they surveyed freshmen at Cornell University regarding their behaviours and their interactions with parents?

In individualist cultures, more weight is given to group norms than to individual attitudes as explanations of behaviour.

Personality researchers note that an important trait, ________, is not included among the Big Five.

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

Raymond Cattell advanced the study of personality by:

Match the definitions with the appropriate terms. -the part of personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards

Cross-cultural research has identified the Big Five personality traits in places as diverse as China, Spain, Israel, and Australia.

Abraham Maslow suggested that the most important personality traits were the characteristics of a self-actualized person.

During the phallic stage, young boys, but not young girls, experience a powerful motivating fear to give up their wishes to possess the parent of the opposite sex. What speculations led Freud to this conclusion?

A ________ is a habitual way of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are typically about:

The term "culture of honour" is used to describe:

Freud believed that the id was the first of the personality components to become evident.

In collectivist cultures, the self is often defined as a collection of personality traits.

Most of the freshmen who participated in a survey at Cornell University reported committing crimes, drinking, doing drugs, and having sex without their parents knowing anything about it.

In collectivist cultures, people tend to value relationships over schedules.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters