Question 1

Research on fundamental aspects of ethnocentrism shows that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it occurs in individualist countries but not in collectivist countries, such as China. 
B)  the "us" category is based on dominant characteristics, such as gender or ethnicity. 
C)  it almost doesn't matter what the "us" category is based on. 
D)  it hinders human survival because it fosters competition. 
A)  it occurs in individualist countries but not in collectivist countries, such as China. 
B)  the "us" category is based on dominant characteristics, such as gender or ethnicity. 
C)  it almost doesn't matter what the "us" category is based on. 
D)  it hinders human survival because it fosters competition. C

Question 2

In variations of Stanley Milgram's study on obedience, people were more likely to disobey when they worked with peers who refused to go any further in the procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Norms may be compared to a spider's web because they are invisible, yet strong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

In the Stanford prison study, what was it that caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly?

Accepted Answer

A)  the instructions given to the guards 
B)  the actions of the prisoners 
C)  the social context 
D)  peer pressure from the other guards 
A)  the instructions given to the guards 
B)  the actions of the prisoners 
C)  the social context 
D)  peer pressure from the other guards

Question 5

Jane believes that Honda owners are thrifty and practical, whereas June believes that Honda owners are stingy and dull. This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  stereotyping. 
D)  ethnocentrism. 
A)  self-serving bias. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  stereotyping. 
D)  ethnocentrism.

Question 6

Becca is planning to study for a semester overseas and she knows that it is beneficial to be aware of another culture's customs. In her research of different customs she learns that:

Accepted Answer

A)  in Latin America it would be insulting to suggest to someone that they lower a price. 
B)  the social principle of taarof describes the practice of straight talking. 
C)  most Canadian business owners tend to not be as concerned about instant results as French business owners. 
D)  Northern Europeans are used to having a fixed price for goods. 
A)  in Latin America it would be insulting to suggest to someone that they lower a price. 
B)  the social principle of taarof describes the practice of straight talking. 
C)  most Canadian business owners tend to not be as concerned about instant results as French business owners. 
D)  Northern Europeans are used to having a fixed price for goods.

Question 7

In Milgram's obedience study, 15% of the subjects refused to administer any shocks to the "learner."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The rules that regulate social life are referred to as social:

Accepted Answer

A)  laws. 
B)  rules. 
C)  etiquette. 
D)  norms. 
A)  laws. 
B)  rules. 
C)  etiquette. 
D)  norms.

Question 9

Psychologists studying groups that practice coercive persuasion have noted that:

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals are equally vulnerable to the tactics of coercive persuasion. 
B)  mentally healthy individuals are rarely vulnerable to these tactics. 
C)  dispelling illusions of invulnerability to these tactics increases resistance to them. 
D)  well-educated individuals are rarely vulnerable to these tactics. 
A)  individuals are equally vulnerable to the tactics of coercive persuasion. 
B)  mentally healthy individuals are rarely vulnerable to these tactics. 
C)  dispelling illusions of invulnerability to these tactics increases resistance to them. 
D)  well-educated individuals are rarely vulnerable to these tactics.

Question 10

Ethnocentrism rests on a fundamental social identity: "us" as compared to "not-us."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Rules that regulate human life (including social conventions, explicit laws, and implicit cultural standards) are called norms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In the social-psychological view, the horrifying violence of one group against another is due to such processes as ethnocentrism, obedience to authority, conformity, deindividuation, and prejudice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Entrapment is a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time, money, or effort.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Researchers have developed four different ways to measure implicit prejudices. Which of the following is NOT one of these three ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Investigate behaviours to determine aggression. 
B)  Tap into people's unconscious associations toward a target group. 
C)  Measure physiological changes in the brain. 
D)  Have subjects complete prejudice questionnaires in group sessions, rather than individual testing sessions. 
A)  Investigate behaviours to determine aggression. 
B)  Tap into people's unconscious associations toward a target group. 
C)  Measure physiological changes in the brain. 
D)  Have subjects complete prejudice questionnaires in group sessions, rather than individual testing sessions.

Question 15

In the Milgram study, ________ predicted that most people would refuse to go beyond 150 volts when administering shock to other people.

Accepted Answer

A)  no one 
B)  nonprofessionals 
C)  professionals 
D)  both professionals and nonprofessionals 
A)  no one 
B)  nonprofessionals 
C)  professionals 
D)  both professionals and nonprofessionals

Question 16

What cultural differences have been found in regard to the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 17

Stereotypes are useful tools in the mental toolbox, energy-saving devices that allow us to make efficient decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Gordon Allport would be most likely to agree that:

Accepted Answer

A)  defeated intellectually, prejudice lingers emotionally. 
B)  prejudice is rarely unintentional. 
C)  defeating explicit prejudice leads to the defeat of implicit prejudice. 
D)  the past century showed a real decline in prejudiced feelings. 
A)  defeated intellectually, prejudice lingers emotionally. 
B)  prejudice is rarely unintentional. 
C)  defeating explicit prejudice leads to the defeat of implicit prejudice. 
D)  the past century showed a real decline in prejudiced feelings.

Question 19

What is one of the most common but least effective techniques for trying to change someone's attitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  repetition of an argument 
B)  using scare tactics 
C)  using famous people to present an argument 
D)  playing devil's advocate 
A)  repetition of an argument 
B)  using scare tactics 
C)  using famous people to present an argument 
D)  playing devil's advocate

Question 20

Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Research on fundamental aspects of ethnocentrism shows that:

In variations of Stanley Milgram's study on obedience, people were more likely to disobey when they worked with peers who refused to go any further in the procedure.

Norms may be compared to a spider's web because they are invisible, yet strong.

In the Stanford prison study, what was it that caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly?

Jane believes that Honda owners are thrifty and practical, whereas June believes that Honda owners are stingy and dull. This example illustrates:

Becca is planning to study for a semester overseas and she knows that it is beneficial to be aware of another culture's customs. In her research of different customs she learns that:

In Milgram's obedience study, 15% of the subjects refused to administer any shocks to the "learner."

The rules that regulate social life are referred to as social:

Psychologists studying groups that practice coercive persuasion have noted that:

Ethnocentrism rests on a fundamental social identity: "us" as compared to "not-us."

Rules that regulate human life (including social conventions, explicit laws, and implicit cultural standards) are called norms.

In the social-psychological view, the horrifying violence of one group against another is due to such processes as ethnocentrism, obedience to authority, conformity, deindividuation, and prejudice.

Entrapment is a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time, money, or effort.

Researchers have developed four different ways to measure implicit prejudices. Which of the following is NOT one of these three ways?

In the Milgram study, ________ predicted that most people would refuse to go beyond 150 volts when administering shock to other people.

What cultural differences have been found in regard to the fundamental attribution error?

Stereotypes are useful tools in the mental toolbox, energy-saving devices that allow us to make efficient decisions.

Gordon Allport would be most likely to agree that:

What is one of the most common but least effective techniques for trying to change someone's attitude?

Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behaviour.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Research on fundamental aspects of ethnocentrism shows that:

In variations of Stanley Milgram's study on obedience, people were more likely to disobey when they worked with peers who refused to go any further in the procedure.

Norms may be compared to a spider's web because they are invisible, yet strong.

In the Stanford prison study, what was it that caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly?

Jane believes that Honda owners are thrifty and practical, whereas June believes that Honda owners are stingy and dull. This example illustrates:

Becca is planning to study for a semester overseas and she knows that it is beneficial to be aware of another culture's customs. In her research of different customs she learns that:

In Milgram's obedience study, 15% of the subjects refused to administer any shocks to the "learner."

The rules that regulate social life are referred to as social:

Psychologists studying groups that practice coercive persuasion have noted that:

Ethnocentrism rests on a fundamental social identity: "us" as compared to "not-us."

Rules that regulate human life (including social conventions, explicit laws, and implicit cultural standards) are called norms.

In the social-psychological view, the horrifying violence of one group against another is due to such processes as ethnocentrism, obedience to authority, conformity, deindividuation, and prejudice.

Entrapment is a gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time, money, or effort.

Researchers have developed four different ways to measure implicit prejudices. Which of the following is NOT one of these three ways?

In the Milgram study, ________ predicted that most people would refuse to go beyond 150 volts when administering shock to other people.

What cultural differences have been found in regard to the fundamental attribution error?

Stereotypes are useful tools in the mental toolbox, energy-saving devices that allow us to make efficient decisions.

Gordon Allport would be most likely to agree that:

What is one of the most common but least effective techniques for trying to change someone's attitude?

Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs when a person's belief is incongruent with his or her behaviour.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters