Exam 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

It is widely believed that prejudice is the primary cause of conflict and war between groups. According to our text, is prejudice more likely to be a cause of war or a result of war? Explain your answer, illustrating your response by noting the rise and fall of attitudes toward Chinese immigrants in the nineteenth century in North America.

Which of the following is a violation of an implicit cultural standard?

Attitudes we are aware of are ________; whereas attitudes we are not aware of are called ________.

The authors note that even if you don't plan to conduct business abroad, it is beneficial to be aware of cultural rules. They point out that:

If you were being mugged in a public place, you would be more likely to get help if there were five people in the area rather than only one person.

When a student is late for class, if the teacher is like most people, the teacher is most likely to think:

One problem in studying prejudice is that not all prejudiced people are prejudiced in the same way. What varieties of prejudice are discussed in the textbook? Describe the two types of male "sexism."

Which of the following is NOT one of the common ways to influence attitudes as described in our text?

The belief that one's own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others is called self-serving bias.

Wise travellers use their knowledge of cultural differences to expand their understanding of human behaviour, while avoiding the trap of stereotyping. What wisdom have you acquired about cultural differences from our chapter on social and cultural psychology?

In Rwanda in 1994, members of the Hutu tribe killed thousands of Tutsis, a rival tribe. Thousands of Tutsis took refuge at the convent of two Hutu nuns, Sister Maria Kisito and Sister Gertrude. But the nuns reported them to the Hutu militia and assisted in the ensuing massacre of those who had fled to them for shelter. What social-psychological reasons are there for this prejudice and hatred between groups?

The fundamental attribution error is less prevalent in collectivist cultures, since people are more group oriented and likely to be aware of situational constraints on behaviour.

According to the just-world hypothesis:

Match these studies with the researchers who completed them. -obedience studies

The purpose of Milgram's study on obedience was to find out how many people would obey an authority figure when directly ordered to violate their own ethical standards.

Our text suggests an exercise, "Dare to Be Different," to see what happens when an individual violates a norm. If you tried this exercise, explain what norm you violated and how you felt when you did it. Explain the reactions of onlookers. If you didn't try this exercise, then describe your hypothetical reaction to seeing the person ahead of you in the grocery store checkout line facing the wrong direction. Would you say anything to the person?

Research on prejudice:

A fan at a baseball game watches the left fielder drop a ball next to the stands. If the fan responds by making the fundamental attribution error, he is most likely to remark that the player:

Jared doubles up in pain clutching his stomach. He would be more likely to be helped if:

In the context of group conflict and prejudice, the "contact hypothesis" states that: