Question 1

Which of the following actions by the "learner" reduced the likelihood of being shocked by the "teacher" in Milgram's study?

Accepted Answer

A)  complaining of having a heart ailment 
B)  screaming in pain 
C)  Nothing the learner did made a difference. 
D)  protesting noisily 
A)  complaining of having a heart ailment 
B)  screaming in pain 
C)  Nothing the learner did made a difference. 
D)  protesting noisily

Question 2

What "weapons" are used as advertisers, politicians, and friends try to influence attitudes? Analyze the role that the validity effect plays in friendly persuasion.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a sign of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  an illusion of invulnerability 
B)  weak leadership within the group 
C)  self-censorship 
D)  an illusion of unanimity 
A)  an illusion of invulnerability 
B)  weak leadership within the group 
C)  self-censorship 
D)  an illusion of unanimity

Question 4

The "Big Lie" results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  the validity effect. 
B)  innate personality traits. 
C)  the familiarity effect. 
D)  cognitive dissonance. 
A)  the validity effect. 
B)  innate personality traits. 
C)  the familiarity effect. 
D)  cognitive dissonance.

Question 5

In our textbook's first chapter, you read about the critical thinking principles "Don't Oversimplify" and "Consider Other Interpretations." How do these guidelines relate to social psychology in regard to attribution, especially when encounters occur with those from other cultures?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 6

According to attribution theory, the explanations we create of our behaviour and the behaviour of others generally fall into two categories. Describe these two categories. In your essay, discuss key concepts in attribution theory, such as the fundamental attribution error, self-serving bias, group-serving bias, and the just-world hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 7

In the prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments. 
B)  the subjects, prisoners and guards, were relieved when the experimenters decided that the study should be ended early. 
C)  the guards that tried to be "tough but fair" urged the tyrannical guards to lighten up on the prisoners because it was only an experiment. 
D)  about 10% of the guards became tyrannical, choosing harsh and abusive methods to maintain order. 
A)  within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments. 
B)  the subjects, prisoners and guards, were relieved when the experimenters decided that the study should be ended early. 
C)  the guards that tried to be "tough but fair" urged the tyrannical guards to lighten up on the prisoners because it was only an experiment. 
D)  about 10% of the guards became tyrannical, choosing harsh and abusive methods to maintain order.

Question 8

Culture is defined as a program of shared ________ that govern the behaviour of people in a society as well as a set of shared values and beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A)  social roles 
B)  rules or norms 
C)  cognitions 
D)  expectations 
A)  social roles 
B)  rules or norms 
C)  cognitions 
D)  expectations

Question 9

________ occurs when a person chooses attributions for his or her own behaviour that are favourable.

Accepted Answer

A)  The just-world error 
B)  Self-serving bias 
C)  Fundamental attribution error 
D)  Entrapment 
A)  The just-world error 
B)  Self-serving bias 
C)  Fundamental attribution error 
D)  Entrapment

Question 10

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender differences in a willingness to obey, because 75% of men but only 30% of women inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
B)  that when the victim said that he had a heart ailment or screamed in agony, 10% of the "teachers" inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
C)  that more than 90% of the subjects in Spain and in the Netherlands inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
D)  occupational differences, because 90% of lower-SES individuals and 55% of upper-SES individuals inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
A)  gender differences in a willingness to obey, because 75% of men but only 30% of women inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
B)  that when the victim said that he had a heart ailment or screamed in agony, 10% of the "teachers" inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
C)  that more than 90% of the subjects in Spain and in the Netherlands inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner." 
D)  occupational differences, because 90% of lower-SES individuals and 55% of upper-SES individuals inflicted what they thought were dangerous levels of shocks to the "learner."

Question 11

Psychologists prefer the term coercive persuasion over the term brainwashing because brainwashing:

Accepted Answer

A)  sounds like a physical rather than a mental process. 
B)  implies a sudden change of mind. 
C)  implies that the individuals know they are being "cleansed." 
D)  detracts from the mysterious coercion that occurs. 
A)  sounds like a physical rather than a mental process. 
B)  implies a sudden change of mind. 
C)  implies that the individuals know they are being "cleansed." 
D)  detracts from the mysterious coercion that occurs.

Question 12

From the standpoint of social and cultural psychologists:

Accepted Answer

A)  outbreaks of horrifying violence are usually the result of inner aggressive drives and the sheer evilness of the enemy. 
B)  all humans beings and all cultures contain the potential for good and for evil. 
C)  healthy people rarely commit terribly disturbing or violent acts. 
D)  few societies have changed from warlike to peaceful and vice versa. 
A)  outbreaks of horrifying violence are usually the result of inner aggressive drives and the sheer evilness of the enemy. 
B)  all humans beings and all cultures contain the potential for good and for evil. 
C)  healthy people rarely commit terribly disturbing or violent acts. 
D)  few societies have changed from warlike to peaceful and vice versa.

Question 13

Who conducted an experiment on the effects of punishment on learning that was, in reality, an experiment on obedience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solomon Asch 
B)  Stanley Milgram 
C)  Philip Zimbardo 
D)  Muzafer Sherif 
A)  Solomon Asch 
B)  Stanley Milgram 
C)  Philip Zimbardo 
D)  Muzafer Sherif

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in coercive persuasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  use of cognitive dissonance 
B)  promise of salvation 
C)  isolation 
D)  use of entrapment 
A)  use of cognitive dissonance 
B)  promise of salvation 
C)  isolation 
D)  use of entrapment

Question 15

Social psychologists explain "bystander apathy" in terms of the "diffusion of responsibility" felt by people. By this they mean that:

Accepted Answer

A)  as children, adults have learned not to meddle in other people's business. 
B)  the blame for apathetic behaviour is best placed on the shoulders of society in general. 
C)  when others are available, people will often assume that someone else will help or should help. 
D)  in emergency situations, people become emotional and should not be held accountable for their lack of action. 
A)  as children, adults have learned not to meddle in other people's business. 
B)  the blame for apathetic behaviour is best placed on the shoulders of society in general. 
C)  when others are available, people will often assume that someone else will help or should help. 
D)  in emergency situations, people become emotional and should not be held accountable for their lack of action.

Question 16

Those who investigate prejudice suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A)  confronting prejudiced people with evidence contradicting their beliefs reduces prejudice. 
B)  it is the flip side of ethnocentrism: "they" are bad and evil. 
C)  prejudiced people usually have intense pride and strong self-esteem. 
D)  only psychologically disturbed and unhealthy people become prejudiced. 
A)  confronting prejudiced people with evidence contradicting their beliefs reduces prejudice. 
B)  it is the flip side of ethnocentrism: "they" are bad and evil. 
C)  prejudiced people usually have intense pride and strong self-esteem. 
D)  only psychologically disturbed and unhealthy people become prejudiced.

Question 17

________ generally have the greatest conversational distance compared to other cultures; that is, they stand further apart when they converse.

Accepted Answer

A)  Latin Americans 
B)  English and Swedes 
C)  Arabs 
D)  Southern Europeans 
A)  Latin Americans 
B)  English and Swedes 
C)  Arabs 
D)  Southern Europeans

Question 18

The "banality of evil" means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  weak governments become stronger by emphasizing the evilness of other nations. 
B)  evil acts are committed by evil people. 
C)  evil is commonplace, occurring in most societies and nations. 
D)  all people possess inner aggressive drives. 
A)  weak governments become stronger by emphasizing the evilness of other nations. 
B)  evil acts are committed by evil people. 
C)  evil is commonplace, occurring in most societies and nations. 
D)  all people possess inner aggressive drives.

Question 19

A young actor didn't get the part he wanted in the school play. One might suspect a self-serving bias if he explained that he didn't get the part because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the part required him to sing, and he doesn't sing well. 
B)  he just was not a good enough actor. 
C)  the director wasn't clear in explaining the actor's motivation to him. 
D)  he hadn't learned the lines as well as others who auditioned for the part. 
A)  the part required him to sing, and he doesn't sing well. 
B)  he just was not a good enough actor. 
C)  the director wasn't clear in explaining the actor's motivation to him. 
D)  he hadn't learned the lines as well as others who auditioned for the part.

Question 20

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of tension.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Which of the following actions by the "learner" reduced the likelihood of being shocked by the "teacher" in Milgram's study?

What "weapons" are used as advertisers, politicians, and friends try to influence attitudes? Analyze the role that the validity effect plays in friendly persuasion.

Which of the following is NOT a sign of groupthink?

The "Big Lie" results from:

In our textbook's first chapter, you read about the critical thinking principles "Don't Oversimplify" and "Consider Other Interpretations." How do these guidelines relate to social psychology in regard to attribution, especially when encounters occur with those from other cultures?

In the prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that:

Culture is defined as a program of shared ________ that govern the behaviour of people in a society as well as a set of shared values and beliefs.

________ occurs when a person chooses attributions for his or her own behaviour that are favourable.

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Psychologists prefer the term coercive persuasion over the term brainwashing because brainwashing:

From the standpoint of social and cultural psychologists:

Who conducted an experiment on the effects of punishment on learning that was, in reality, an experiment on obedience?

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in coercive persuasion?

Social psychologists explain "bystander apathy" in terms of the "diffusion of responsibility" felt by people. By this they mean that:

Those who investigate prejudice suggest that:

________ generally have the greatest conversational distance compared to other cultures; that is, they stand further apart when they converse.

The "banality of evil" means that:

A young actor didn't get the part he wanted in the school play. One might suspect a self-serving bias if he explained that he didn't get the part because:

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of tension.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

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Psychological Disorders

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Exam 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Which of the following actions by the "learner" reduced the likelihood of being shocked by the "teacher" in Milgram's study?

What "weapons" are used as advertisers, politicians, and friends try to influence attitudes? Analyze the role that the validity effect plays in friendly persuasion.

Which of the following is NOT a sign of groupthink?

The "Big Lie" results from:

In our textbook's first chapter, you read about the critical thinking principles "Don't Oversimplify" and "Consider Other Interpretations." How do these guidelines relate to social psychology in regard to attribution, especially when encounters occur with those from other cultures?

In the prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that:

Culture is defined as a program of shared ________ that govern the behaviour of people in a society as well as a set of shared values and beliefs.

________ occurs when a person chooses attributions for his or her own behaviour that are favourable.

Replications of Milgram's study of obedience showed:

Psychologists prefer the term coercive persuasion over the term brainwashing because brainwashing:

From the standpoint of social and cultural psychologists:

Who conducted an experiment on the effects of punishment on learning that was, in reality, an experiment on obedience?

Which of the following is NOT a technique used in coercive persuasion?

Social psychologists explain "bystander apathy" in terms of the "diffusion of responsibility" felt by people. By this they mean that:

Those who investigate prejudice suggest that:

________ generally have the greatest conversational distance compared to other cultures; that is, they stand further apart when they converse.

The "banality of evil" means that:

A young actor didn't get the part he wanted in the school play. One might suspect a self-serving bias if he explained that he didn't get the part because:

What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of tension.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters