Question 1

Objective tests are based on the assumption that the test taker will transfer unconscious conflicts onto an ambiguous stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Critics of psychodynamic theories argue that these theories are guilty of three scientific failings. Name each failing and then report your personal reaction to psychodynamic theory and its critics.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following key points.
* violating the principle of falsifiability
* drawing universal principles from the experiences of a few atypical patients
* basing theories of personality development on retrospective accounts and the fallible memories of patients
* Personal reactions to psychodynamic theory will vary.

Question 3

________ was a major trait theorist who recognized that not all traits have equal weight and significance in people's lives.

Accepted Answer

A)  Abraham Maslow 
B)  Gordon Allport 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Karen Horney 
A)  Abraham Maslow 
B)  Gordon Allport 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Karen Horney B

Question 4

Which defence mechanism involves transforming an anxiety-producing emotion into its opposite?

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation 
B)  rationalization 
C)  repression 
D)  regression 
A)  reaction formation 
B)  rationalization 
C)  repression 
D)  regression

Question 5

All of the Big Five personality factors are found in dogs EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  openness. 
B)  extroversion. 
C)  agreeableness. 
D)  conscientiousness. 
A)  openness. 
B)  extroversion. 
C)  agreeableness. 
D)  conscientiousness.

Question 6

When two psychologists surveyed 275 freshmen at Cornell University, they found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  only stern and authoritarian parents had adolescents with "secret lives." 
B)  the women shared their "private selves" with parents, but the men did not. 
C)  most of them had confessed at least one rule violation to their parents in the past year. 
D)  most of them had "secret lives" that they never revealed to their parents. 
A)  only stern and authoritarian parents had adolescents with "secret lives." 
B)  the women shared their "private selves" with parents, but the men did not. 
C)  most of them had confessed at least one rule violation to their parents in the past year. 
D)  most of them had "secret lives" that they never revealed to their parents.

Question 7

For Carl Rogers, our personalities reflect:

Accepted Answer

A)  a few central traits and a greater number of secondary traits. 
B)  the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence. 
C)  whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood. 
D)  a gradual progression toward self-actualization. 
A)  a few central traits and a greater number of secondary traits. 
B)  the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence. 
C)  whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood. 
D)  a gradual progression toward self-actualization.

Question 8

Match the examples with the appropriate defence mechanisms.
-A Catholic priest takes a vow of celibacy to be better able to serve God.

Accepted Answer

A) repression 
B) sublimation 
C) displacement 
D) regression 
E) reaction formation 
A) repression 
B) sublimation 
C) displacement 
D) regression 
E) reaction formation

Question 9

According to Freud, the developmental acquisition of the personality components begins with the ________, then the ________, and finally the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ego; id; superego 
B)  superego; libido; ego 
C)  id; ego; superego 
D)  libido; superego; ego 
A)  ego; id; superego 
B)  superego; libido; ego 
C)  id; ego; superego 
D)  libido; superego; ego

Question 10

A behavioural-genetics researcher is likely to state that parents cannot take full responsibility for the way that their children turn out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which component of personality is a referee between the needs of instinct and the demands of society?

Accepted Answer

A)  the superego 
B)  the libido 
C)  the ego 
D)  the id 
A)  the superego 
B)  the libido 
C)  the ego 
D)  the id

Question 12

Making a vow of celibacy was difficult for Andrew when he became a priest, but he remained true to his vow. On his twenty-fifth anniversary, the congregation held a reception and displayed several pieces of liturgical art that Andrew had created over the past two decades. According to Freud, Andrew's artistic creations illustrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  denial. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  sublimation. 
D)  projection. 
A)  denial. 
B)  reaction formation. 
C)  sublimation. 
D)  projection.

Question 13

Extreme shyness and fear of new situations tend to be biologically based aspects of temperament both in human beings and in monkeys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Raymond B. Cattell advanced the study of personality by applying a statistical method called case-study analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

For much of the twentieth century ________ was the dominant approach to understanding personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic theory 
B)  genetic theory 
C)  humanist theory 
D)  cognitive theory 
A)  psychoanalytic theory 
B)  genetic theory 
C)  humanist theory 
D)  cognitive theory

Question 16

According to ________, there is a collective unconscious shared by all human beings, containing universal memories, symbols, and images that are the legacy of human history.

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Jung 
B)  Raymond Cattell 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Karen Horney 
A)  Carl Jung 
B)  Raymond Cattell 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Karen Horney

Question 17

The personality theorist who described the importance of having peak experiences was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Rollo May. 
B)  Abraham Maslow. 
C)  Karen Horney. 
D)  Carol Rogers. 
A)  Rollo May. 
B)  Abraham Maslow. 
C)  Karen Horney. 
D)  Carol Rogers.

Question 18

In psychoanalytic theory, an inner voice that says that you did something wrong is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  id. 
B)  ego. 
C)  libido. 
D)  superego. 
A)  id. 
B)  ego. 
C)  libido. 
D)  superego.

Question 19

How does the object-relations school depart from Freudian theory regarding the nature of male and female development?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 20

________ cultures are described as those in which the self is regarded as autonomous, and a person's goals are prized above duty.

Accepted Answer

A)  Polychronic 
B)  Harmonious 
C)  Individualist 
D)  Collectivist 
A)  Polychronic 
B)  Harmonious 
C)  Individualist 
D)  Collectivist

Objective tests are based on the assumption that the test taker will transfer unconscious conflicts onto an ambiguous stimulus.

Critics of psychodynamic theories argue that these theories are guilty of three scientific failings. Name each failing and then report your personal reaction to psychodynamic theory and its critics.

________ was a major trait theorist who recognized that not all traits have equal weight and significance in people's lives.

Which defence mechanism involves transforming an anxiety-producing emotion into its opposite?

All of the Big Five personality factors are found in dogs EXCEPT:

When two psychologists surveyed 275 freshmen at Cornell University, they found that:

For Carl Rogers, our personalities reflect:

Match the examples with the appropriate defence mechanisms. -A Catholic priest takes a vow of celibacy to be better able to serve God.

According to Freud, the developmental acquisition of the personality components begins with the , then the , and finally the .

A behavioural-genetics researcher is likely to state that parents cannot take full responsibility for the way that their children turn out.

Which component of personality is a referee between the needs of instinct and the demands of society?

Extreme shyness and fear of new situations tend to be biologically based aspects of temperament both in human beings and in monkeys.

Raymond B. Cattell advanced the study of personality by applying a statistical method called case-study analysis.

For much of the twentieth century ________ was the dominant approach to understanding personality.

According to ________, there is a collective unconscious shared by all human beings, containing universal memories, symbols, and images that are the legacy of human history.

The personality theorist who described the importance of having peak experiences was:

In psychoanalytic theory, an inner voice that says that you did something wrong is called the:

How does the object-relations school depart from Freudian theory regarding the nature of male and female development?

________ cultures are described as those in which the self is regarded as autonomous, and a person's goals are prized above duty.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 14: Theories of Personality

Objective tests are based on the assumption that the test taker will transfer unconscious conflicts onto an ambiguous stimulus.

Critics of psychodynamic theories argue that these theories are guilty of three scientific failings. Name each failing and then report your personal reaction to psychodynamic theory and its critics.

________ was a major trait theorist who recognized that not all traits have equal weight and significance in people's lives.

Which defence mechanism involves transforming an anxiety-producing emotion into its opposite?

All of the Big Five personality factors are found in dogs EXCEPT:

When two psychologists surveyed 275 freshmen at Cornell University, they found that:

For Carl Rogers, our personalities reflect:

Match the examples with the appropriate defence mechanisms. -A Catholic priest takes a vow of celibacy to be better able to serve God.

According to Freud, the developmental acquisition of the personality components begins with the ________, then the ________, and finally the ________.

A behavioural-genetics researcher is likely to state that parents cannot take full responsibility for the way that their children turn out.

Which component of personality is a referee between the needs of instinct and the demands of society?

Extreme shyness and fear of new situations tend to be biologically based aspects of temperament both in human beings and in monkeys.

Raymond B. Cattell advanced the study of personality by applying a statistical method called case-study analysis.

For much of the twentieth century ________ was the dominant approach to understanding personality.

According to ________, there is a collective unconscious shared by all human beings, containing universal memories, symbols, and images that are the legacy of human history.

The personality theorist who described the importance of having peak experiences was:

In psychoanalytic theory, an inner voice that says that you did something wrong is called the:

How does the object-relations school depart from Freudian theory regarding the nature of male and female development?

________ cultures are described as those in which the self is regarded as autonomous, and a person's goals are prized above duty.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

According to Freud, the developmental acquisition of the personality components begins with the , then the , and finally the .