Exam 14: Theories of Personality

Sigmund Freud regarded the human infant as:

Members of individualist cultures:

Three crucial aspects of the environment are parents, peers, and particular situations. How much, and in what ways, does each of these aspects contribute to personality?

Describe the ways in which humanist psychologists have added balance to the study of personality.

________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviour, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

Shannon and Michael are concerned that their extremely reactive daughter will become an extremely subdued and fearful child. After reading about genetics and personality, you tell them,

Heritability studies of personality show that:

________ describes the extent to which people are imaginative and questioning, or conforming and predictable.

When parents value academic achievement but the child's peers do not, the child usually follows the parental lead and values academic achievement.

According to Judith Harris, the conformity of children to their peer group is essential.

One of the most influential trait theorists was ________, who recognized that not all traits have equal weight and significance in people's lives.

________ cultures are described as those in which the self is regarded as embedded in relationships.

On his first overseas business trip, Mr. Streeter finds it rude that he is constantly kept waiting. After all, his appointments were set up a week in advance through email. It is most likely that his business trip has taken him to:

Tempers erupt during the holiday season when the passengers of an airline are told that the flight has been overbooked. Trevor's response illustrates displacement, whereas his brother Greg's response illustrates regression. Describe the scene at the airport by giving an example of each boy's reaction.

Alyssa has an unconscious fear of animals, but she declares that she loves her after-school job at the pet store because the animals are so cute. This would illustrate the psychoanalytic defence mechanism of:

Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

David is struggling with the concept of free will and the way in which it confers on us responsibility for our actions. This is an emphasis in the personality theory of:

The entrenched Western belief is that peer interactions are the strongest influence, maybe even the sole influence, on children's personality development.

In Chapter 2, How Psychologists Do Research, we learned that scientists must be willing to make a risky prediction that can be disproved by counterevidence. How does the principle of falsifiability apply to psychodynamic and humanist theories?

During mildly stressful tasks, Colleen shows sympathetic nervous system activity, such as an increase in her heart rate and the dilation of her pupils. Jerome Kagan would classify Colleen as a/an: