Question 1

To obtain a bactericidal effect in enterococci,ampicillin or penicillin must be given in combination with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrolides 
B)  Peptidoglycans 
C)  Cephalosporins 
D)  Aminoglycosides 
A)  Macrolides 
B)  Peptidoglycans 
C)  Cephalosporins 
D)  Aminoglycosides

Question 2

What principle does the TREK ARIS 2X System use to determine antimicrobial susceptibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  Redox indicator system 
B)  Turbidimetry 
C)  Hydrolysis of a fluorogenic substrate 
D)  Carbon dioxide concentration 
A)  Redox indicator system 
B)  Turbidimetry 
C)  Hydrolysis of a fluorogenic substrate 
D)  Carbon dioxide concentration

Question 3

Agar dilution and disk diffusion tests for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus spp.use:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with X and V factors 
B)  Columbia base supplemented with 5% sheep blood 
C)  Trypticase soy agar base supplemented with 5% lysed horse blood 
D)  Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood 
A)  Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with X and V factors 
B)  Columbia base supplemented with 5% sheep blood 
C)  Trypticase soy agar base supplemented with 5% lysed horse blood 
D)  Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood

Question 4

When the activity of the combination of antimicrobial agents is less than the of the single agents,we say the agents are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Synergistic 
B)  Antagonistic 
C)  Indifferent 
D)  Uncomplicated 
A)  Synergistic 
B)  Antagonistic 
C)  Indifferent 
D)  Uncomplicated

Question 5

If the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)or zone size is interpreted as susceptible using the latest CLSI tables:

Accepted Answer

A)  The clinical interpretation of the result is that the patient's infecting organism should respond to therapy with that antimicrobial agent using the dosage recommended normally for that type of infection and that species. 
B)  The patient's infecting organism is unlikely to be inhibited by the usually achievable concentrations of the antimicrobial agent based on the dosages normally used with that drug. 
C)  The patient's infecting organism is likely to require the maximum amount of antimicrobial or more than can be achieved and for which the clinical response is likely to be less than with a susceptible strain. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  The clinical interpretation of the result is that the patient's infecting organism should respond to therapy with that antimicrobial agent using the dosage recommended normally for that type of infection and that species. 
B)  The patient's infecting organism is unlikely to be inhibited by the usually achievable concentrations of the antimicrobial agent based on the dosages normally used with that drug. 
C)  The patient's infecting organism is likely to require the maximum amount of antimicrobial or more than can be achieved and for which the clinical response is likely to be less than with a susceptible strain. 
D)  None of the above.

Question 6

When testing Escherichia coli,Klebsiella spp.,and Proteus mirabilis,which drug is mostly likely to indicate the presence of an extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aztreonam 
B)  Cefpodoxime 
C)  Ceftriaxone 
D)  Ceftazidime 
A)  Aztreonam 
B)  Cefpodoxime 
C)  Ceftriaxone 
D)  Ceftazidime

Question 7

In this type of antimicrobial susceptibility test,a McFarland 0.5 standardized suspension of bacteria is swabbed over the surface of a Mueller-Hinton agar plate,and paper disks containing single concentrations of each antimicrobial agent are placed onto the inoculated surface.What is the name of this test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kirby-Bauer 
B)  MIC 
C)  Breakpoint 
D)  Agar dilution 
A)  Kirby-Bauer 
B)  MIC 
C)  Breakpoint 
D)  Agar dilution

Question 8

What agencies develop the zone interpretive criteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C)  and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute (USAMRII
D)  
B)  U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FD
A)  and CDC 
C)  FDA and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 
D)  CLSI and CDC 
A)  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C)  and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute (USAMRII
D)  
B)  U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FD
A)  and CDC 
C)  FDA and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 
D)  CLSI and CDC

Question 9

On a breakpoint panel,when there is growth in both wells,the isolate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Susceptible 
B)  Resistant 
C)  Intermediate 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Susceptible 
B)  Resistant 
C)  Intermediate 
D)  None of the above

Question 10

Guidance for the development of a selective-reporting or cascade-reporting protocol for antibiotics is available from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C)  
B)  Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) 
C)  United States Army Medical Research Institute (USAMRII
D)  
D)  Food and Drug Administration (FD
A)  
A)  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C)  
B)  Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) 
C)  United States Army Medical Research Institute (USAMRII
D)  
D)  Food and Drug Administration (FD
A)

Question 11

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)has published methods for susceptibility testing of several agents of potential bioterrorism,including Brucella anthracis,Yersinia pestis,Burkholderia mallei,B.pseudomallei,Francisella tularensis,and Brucella spp.How does CLSI suggest clinical laboratories perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing on these isolates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use the agar dilution technique. 
B)  Use the Kirby-Bauer method. 
C)  Use the minimal inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  plates. 
D)  Do not attempt to perform antimicrobial susceptibility on any of these isolates; refer them to a public health laboratory equipped to handle them. 
A)  Use the agar dilution technique. 
B)  Use the Kirby-Bauer method. 
C)  Use the minimal inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  plates. 
D)  Do not attempt to perform antimicrobial susceptibility on any of these isolates; refer them to a public health laboratory equipped to handle them.

Question 12

On a breakpoint panel,when there is growth in the low concentration but no growth in the high concentration,the isolate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Susceptible 
B)  Resistant 
C)  Intermediate 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Susceptible 
B)  Resistant 
C)  Intermediate 
D)  None of the above

Question 13

A zone of inhibition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The area on the agar plate where the drug no longer diffuses into the agar 
B)  The area around the antibiotic disk where the bacteria cannot not grow 
C)  The zone around the edge of the plate where the streaking does not cover the agar and bacterial growth is inhibited 
D)  All of the above 
A)  The area on the agar plate where the drug no longer diffuses into the agar 
B)  The area around the antibiotic disk where the bacteria cannot not grow 
C)  The zone around the edge of the plate where the streaking does not cover the agar and bacterial growth is inhibited 
D)  All of the above

Question 14

What is a breakpoint panel?

Accepted Answer

A)  A standard minimal inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  panel that contains many more dilution wells for each drug tested 
B)  A MIC panel with only three or four drugs tested 
C)  A MIC panel with only one or a few concentrations of each drug 
D)  A MIC panel that contains nonroutine drugs 
A)  A standard minimal inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  panel that contains many more dilution wells for each drug tested 
B)  A MIC panel with only three or four drugs tested 
C)  A MIC panel with only one or a few concentrations of each drug 
D)  A MIC panel that contains nonroutine drugs

Question 15

What principle does the VITEK series use to determine antimicrobial susceptibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  Turbidimetry 
B)  Redox indicator system 
C)  Hydrolysis of a fluorogenic substrate 
D)  Carbon dioxide concentration 
A)  Turbidimetry 
B)  Redox indicator system 
C)  Hydrolysis of a fluorogenic substrate 
D)  Carbon dioxide concentration

Question 16

What is a mechanism for ensuring the testing personnel are proficient in their tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supervisory review of reported results 
B)  Self-assessment checklists 
C)  Periodic competency testing through proficiency surveys 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Supervisory review of reported results 
B)  Self-assessment checklists 
C)  Periodic competency testing through proficiency surveys 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

What is the principle of the Etest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Turbidimetry 
B)  Establishing an antimicrobial density gradient in agar 
C)  Carbon dioxide concentration 
D)  Redox indicator system 
A)  Turbidimetry 
B)  Establishing an antimicrobial density gradient in agar 
C)  Carbon dioxide concentration 
D)  Redox indicator system

Question 18

A 12-year-old girl goes to the doctor complaining of a sore throat,fever,headache,and general malaise.The doctor does a quick strep test that is positive for group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus.No antibiotic testing is needed because Streptococcus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Universally susceptible to penicillin 
B)  Universally susceptible to erythromycin 
C)  Not treated in throat cultures 
D)  Not considered a pathogen in the throat 
A)  Universally susceptible to penicillin 
B)  Universally susceptible to erythromycin 
C)  Not treated in throat cultures 
D)  Not considered a pathogen in the throat

Question 19

When reading broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)testing,the MIC for a particular drug is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The lowest concentration showing no obvious growth 
B)  The highest concentration showing no obvious growth 
C)  The lowest concentration showing confluent growth 
D)  The highest concentration showing confluent growth 
A)  The lowest concentration showing no obvious growth 
B)  The highest concentration showing no obvious growth 
C)  The lowest concentration showing confluent growth 
D)  The highest concentration showing confluent growth

Question 20

A primary tenet of antimicrobial therapy is to use:

Accepted Answer

A)  The least toxic agents 
B)  The most cost-effective agents 
C)  The most clinically effective agents 
D)  All of the above 
A)  The least toxic agents 
B)  The most cost-effective agents 
C)  The most clinically effective agents 
D)  All of the above

Exam 13: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

To obtain a bactericidal effect in enterococci,ampicillin or penicillin must be given in combination with:

What principle does the TREK ARIS 2X System use to determine antimicrobial susceptibility?

Agar dilution and disk diffusion tests for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus spp.use:

When the activity of the combination of antimicrobial agents is less than the of the single agents,we say the agents are:

If the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)or zone size is interpreted as susceptible using the latest CLSI tables:

When testing Escherichia coli,Klebsiella spp.,and Proteus mirabilis,which drug is mostly likely to indicate the presence of an extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)?

What agencies develop the zone interpretive criteria?

On a breakpoint panel,when there is growth in both wells,the isolate is:

Guidance for the development of a selective-reporting or cascade-reporting protocol for antibiotics is available from the:

On a breakpoint panel,when there is growth in the low concentration but no growth in the high concentration,the isolate is:

A zone of inhibition is:

What is a breakpoint panel?

What principle does the VITEK series use to determine antimicrobial susceptibility?

What is a mechanism for ensuring the testing personnel are proficient in their tasks?

What is the principle of the Etest?

A 12-year-old girl goes to the doctor complaining of a sore throat,fever,headache,and general malaise.The doctor does a quick strep test that is positive for group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus.No antibiotic testing is needed because Streptococcus is:

When reading broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)testing,the MIC for a particular drug is:

A primary tenet of antimicrobial therapy is to use:

Bacterial Cell Structure, physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Infected Materials

Use of Colonial Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antibiotic Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio,aeromonas,plesiomonas and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

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Spirochetes

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

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Biofilms: Architects of Disease

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Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

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