Question 1

How many hours of incubation are necessary for the antimicrobial susceptibility test run on the BD Phoenix?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 to 8 hours 
B)  8 to 12 hours 
C)  12 to 18 hours 
D)  24 hours 
A)  6 to 8 hours 
B)  8 to 12 hours 
C)  12 to 18 hours 
D)  24 hours

Question 2

All of the following steps are taken to verify the results from an atypical antibiogram EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Reexamining the disk diffusion plate, or minimal inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  tray, to ensure that results were properly interpreted 
B)  Checking earlier reports to see whether the particular patient previously had an isolate with an atypical antibiogram 
C)  Calling around to other hospitals to see if they are encountering the same organism with that same antibiogram 
D)  Repeating the test, if necessary 
A)  Reexamining the disk diffusion plate, or minimal inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  tray, to ensure that results were properly interpreted 
B)  Checking earlier reports to see whether the particular patient previously had an isolate with an atypical antibiogram 
C)  Calling around to other hospitals to see if they are encountering the same organism with that same antibiogram 
D)  Repeating the test, if necessary

Question 3

Which enterococcus is/are the most common species demonstrating vancomycin resistance among clinical isolates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterococcus faecium 
B)  E. faecalis 
C)  Both a and b 
D)  Neither a nor b 
A)  Enterococcus faecium 
B)  E. faecalis 
C)  Both a and b 
D)  Neither a nor b

Question 4

Therapy of disseminated meningococcal infections and various types of gonococcal infections are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hard to treat and require special β-lactamase tests 
B)  An important public health concern, so a full spectrum of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is always performed 
C)  Generally empiric based on recommendations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C)  
D)  None of the above 
A)  Hard to treat and require special β-lactamase tests 
B)  An important public health concern, so a full spectrum of antimicrobial susceptibility testing is always performed 
C)  Generally empiric based on recommendations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C)  
D)  None of the above

Question 5

When performing disk diffusion testing with Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae,what type of medium used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mueller-Hinton with 5% sheep blood 
B)  Mueller-Hinton with hematin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NA
D)  
C)  Mueller-Hinton with 5% lysed horse blood 
D)  Mueller-Hinton 
A)  Mueller-Hinton with 5% sheep blood 
B)  Mueller-Hinton with hematin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NA
D)  
C)  Mueller-Hinton with 5% lysed horse blood 
D)  Mueller-Hinton

Question 6

The BD Phoenix system uses this principle to measure bacterial growth in the susceptibility test wells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrolysis of a fluorogenic growth substrate 
B)  Turbidimetric detection 
C)  Carbon dioxide concentration 
D)  Redox indicator system 
A)  Hydrolysis of a fluorogenic growth substrate 
B)  Turbidimetric detection 
C)  Carbon dioxide concentration 
D)  Redox indicator system

Question 7

On a breakpoint panel,when two concentrations are tested and no growth is present in either well,the isolate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Susceptible 
B)  Resistant 
C)  Intermediate 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Susceptible 
B)  Resistant 
C)  Intermediate 
D)  None of the above

Question 8

What is the most widely used method of inoculum standardization?

Accepted Answer

A)  McFarland turbidity standards 
B)  Remel inoculum standards 
C)  Becton-Dickson standards 
D)  Difco standards 
A)  McFarland turbidity standards 
B)  Remel inoculum standards 
C)  Becton-Dickson standards 
D)  Difco standards

Question 9

Advantages of the commercial microdilution susceptibility test methods include all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  More accurate results than manual methods 
B)  Automated panel readers 
C)  The quantitative nature of a minimal inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  
D)  The computerized data management systems 
A)  More accurate results than manual methods 
B)  Automated panel readers 
C)  The quantitative nature of a minimal inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  
D)  The computerized data management systems

Question 10

Goals of combination antimicrobial therapy include all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Obtain broad-spectrum coverage. 
B)  Enhance antibacterial activity through synergistic interactions. 
C)  Minimize resistance development. 
D)  Ensure that at least one antimicrobial will obtain the minimum bactericidal concentration (MB
C)  at the infection site. 
A)  Obtain broad-spectrum coverage. 
B)  Enhance antibacterial activity through synergistic interactions. 
C)  Minimize resistance development. 
D)  Ensure that at least one antimicrobial will obtain the minimum bactericidal concentration (MB
C)  at the infection site.

Question 11

What principle does the MicroScan Walkaway SI use to determine antimicrobial susceptibility?

Accepted Answer

A)  Redox indicator system 
B)  Turbidimetry 
C)  Hydrolysis of a bioluminescent substrate 
D)  Carbon dioxide concentration 
A)  Redox indicator system 
B)  Turbidimetry 
C)  Hydrolysis of a bioluminescent substrate 
D)  Carbon dioxide concentration

Question 12

What antibiotics should be reported for urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Group A antibiotics 
B)  Group B antibiotics 
C)  Urinary tract active agents 
D)  Group C antibiotics 
A)  Group A antibiotics 
B)  Group B antibiotics 
C)  Urinary tract active agents 
D)  Group C antibiotics

Question 13

In vitro testing conditions that can be modified to enhance the expression of oxacillin resistance include all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Use Mueller-Hinton media 
B)  Making final test readings after a full 24 hours of incubation 
C)  Incubation of tests at temperatures no greater than 35° C 
D)  Preparation of inocula using the direct inoculum suspension procedure 
A)  Use Mueller-Hinton media 
B)  Making final test readings after a full 24 hours of incubation 
C)  Incubation of tests at temperatures no greater than 35° C 
D)  Preparation of inocula using the direct inoculum suspension procedure

Question 14

All the following organisms produce b-lactamase EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
C)  Moraxella catarrhalis 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis 
A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
C)  Moraxella catarrhalis 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis

Question 15

Once the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)is determined,the organism is interpreted as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Susceptible 
B)  Resistant 
C)  Intermediate 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Susceptible 
B)  Resistant 
C)  Intermediate 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

In terms of MIC microdilution trays,a skipped well occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  When a well on the tray is skipped with inoculum and it does not grow 
B)  When the inoculator is turned around and the sterility well is accidentally inoculated and the growth well is accidentally skipped 
C)  When there is growth at higher concentrations and no growth at one or more of the lower concentration wells 
D)  None of the above 
A)  When a well on the tray is skipped with inoculum and it does not grow 
B)  When the inoculator is turned around and the sterility well is accidentally inoculated and the growth well is accidentally skipped 
C)  When there is growth at higher concentrations and no growth at one or more of the lower concentration wells 
D)  None of the above

Question 17

What is the approximate final concentration of organisms in each well of a microdilution tray?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 *105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL 
B)  1 *105 CFU/mL 
C)  4 * 105 CFU/mL 
D)  5* 105 CFU/mL 
A)  3 *105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL 
B)  1 *105 CFU/mL 
C)  4 * 105 CFU/mL 
D)  5* 105 CFU/mL

Question 18

Other important factors must be considered when determining whether antimicrobial susceptibility testing is warranted,including:

Accepted Answer

A)  The body site from which the organism was isolated 
B)  The presence of other bacteria and the quality of the specimen from which the organism was grown 
C)  The host's status 
D)  All the above 
A)  The body site from which the organism was isolated 
B)  The presence of other bacteria and the quality of the specimen from which the organism was grown 
C)  The host's status 
D)  All the above

Question 19

When should antimicrobial susceptibility testing be performed on a bacterial isolate from a clinical specimen?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the isolate is determined to be a probable cause of the patient's infection 
B)  When the susceptibility of the isolate to particular antimicrobial agents cannot be reliably predicted 
C)  a and b 
D)  None of the above 
A)  When the isolate is determined to be a probable cause of the patient's infection 
B)  When the susceptibility of the isolate to particular antimicrobial agents cannot be reliably predicted 
C)  a and b 
D)  None of the above

Question 20

What antibiotics are active against extended-spectrum β lactamases (ESBL)-producing strains of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cephalosporins 
B)  Penicillins 
C)  Carbapenems 
D)  Aztreonam 
A)  Cephalosporins 
B)  Penicillins 
C)  Carbapenems 
D)  Aztreonam

Exam 13: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

How many hours of incubation are necessary for the antimicrobial susceptibility test run on the BD Phoenix?

All of the following steps are taken to verify the results from an atypical antibiogram EXCEPT:

Which enterococcus is/are the most common species demonstrating vancomycin resistance among clinical isolates?

Therapy of disseminated meningococcal infections and various types of gonococcal infections are:

When performing disk diffusion testing with Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae,what type of medium used?

The BD Phoenix system uses this principle to measure bacterial growth in the susceptibility test wells.

On a breakpoint panel,when two concentrations are tested and no growth is present in either well,the isolate is:

What is the most widely used method of inoculum standardization?

Advantages of the commercial microdilution susceptibility test methods include all the following EXCEPT:

Goals of combination antimicrobial therapy include all the following EXCEPT:

What principle does the MicroScan Walkaway SI use to determine antimicrobial susceptibility?

What antibiotics should be reported for urinary tract infections?

In vitro testing conditions that can be modified to enhance the expression of oxacillin resistance include all the following EXCEPT:

All the following organisms produce b-lactamase EXCEPT:

Once the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)is determined,the organism is interpreted as:

In terms of MIC microdilution trays,a skipped well occurs when:

What is the approximate final concentration of organisms in each well of a microdilution tray?

Other important factors must be considered when determining whether antimicrobial susceptibility testing is warranted,including:

When should antimicrobial susceptibility testing be performed on a bacterial isolate from a clinical specimen?

What antibiotics are active against extended-spectrum β lactamases (ESBL)-producing strains of bacteria?

Bacterial Cell Structure, physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Infected Materials

Use of Colonial Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antibiotic Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio,aeromonas,plesiomonas and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

Spirochetes

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Other Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

Filters