Question 1

What organism causes epiglottis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Moraxella catarrhalis 
D)  Bordetella pertussis 
A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Moraxella catarrhalis 
D)  Bordetella pertussis A

Question 2

What is empyema?

Accepted Answer

A)  A collection of fluid in the lung resulting from the pathogenesis of bacterial pathogens 
B)  A collection of fluid in the lung resulting from the pathogenesis of viral pathogens 
C)  A collection of purulent fluid in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall 
D)  A collection of purulent fluid in the bronchii and alveoli 
A)  A collection of fluid in the lung resulting from the pathogenesis of bacterial pathogens 
B)  A collection of fluid in the lung resulting from the pathogenesis of viral pathogens 
C)  A collection of purulent fluid in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall 
D)  A collection of purulent fluid in the bronchii and alveoli C

Question 3

All of the following factors can help the microbiologist differentiate between colonization and infection,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Presence of a pure culture or mixed florae on the culture plates 
B)  Method and site of collection of the specimen 
C)  Presence of white blood cells (WBCs) and the number of organisms seen on Gram stain 
D)  A compatible clinical syndrome 
A)  Presence of a pure culture or mixed florae on the culture plates 
B)  Method and site of collection of the specimen 
C)  Presence of white blood cells (WBCs) and the number of organisms seen on Gram stain 
D)  A compatible clinical syndrome A

Question 4

Why do most physicians treat otitis media empirically instead of obtaining cultures before prescribing antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is hard to hard to obtain cultures from children. 
B)  Cultures do not always correlate with the true pathogen. 
C)  Pathogens causing otitis media never become resistant to antibiotics. 
D)  The predominant infection causing organisms are known. 
A)  It is hard to hard to obtain cultures from children. 
B)  Cultures do not always correlate with the true pathogen. 
C)  Pathogens causing otitis media never become resistant to antibiotics. 
D)  The predominant infection causing organisms are known.

Question 5

If a patient has a throat culture done and the culture reveals the presence of a-hemolytic colonies,what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  These organisms are pathogenic and must be treated. 
B)  These organisms are normally found in the pharynx and are normal. 
C)  The patient is suffering from a viral pharyngitis. 
D)  The patient has mouth ulcers that require antiviral treatment. 
A)  These organisms are pathogenic and must be treated. 
B)  These organisms are normally found in the pharynx and are normal. 
C)  The patient is suffering from a viral pharyngitis. 
D)  The patient has mouth ulcers that require antiviral treatment.

Question 6

What is helpful when initiating empiric antimicrobial therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowing the patient's age 
B)  Knowing the pathogens most likely to cause a particular type of infection 
C)  Knowing a patient's medical history 
D)  Knowing the anatomy of the respiratory tract 
A)  Knowing the patient's age 
B)  Knowing the pathogens most likely to cause a particular type of infection 
C)  Knowing a patient's medical history 
D)  Knowing the anatomy of the respiratory tract

Question 7

The clinical picture of this condition includes an incubation period of 2 to 10 days,fever,with or without cough,and dyspnea.The condition may resolve or progress to a more severe form.What is this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 
B)  Streptococcal pneumonia 
C)  Viral pneumonia 
D)  Viral bronchitis 
A)  Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 
B)  Streptococcal pneumonia 
C)  Viral pneumonia 
D)  Viral bronchitis

Question 8

What is the most common complication of pertussis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Otitis media 
B)  Pneumonia 
C)  Acute sinusitis 
D)  Streptococcal pharyngitis 
A)  Otitis media 
B)  Pneumonia 
C)  Acute sinusitis 
D)  Streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 9

What is the major cause for chronic bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute bronchitis 
B)  Respiratory allergies 
C)  Pneumonia 
D)  Smoking 
A)  Acute bronchitis 
B)  Respiratory allergies 
C)  Pneumonia 
D)  Smoking

Question 10

What is the most common localized infection of the upper respiratory tract in preschool-age patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orbital cellulitis 
B)  Acute sinusitis 
C)  Otitis media 
D)  Mastoiditis 
A)  Orbital cellulitis 
B)  Acute sinusitis 
C)  Otitis media 
D)  Mastoiditis

Question 11

What is the specimen of choice for recovery of Bordetella pertussis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dacron nasopharyngeal swabs 
B)  Rayon nasopharyngeal swabs 
C)  Calcium alginate nasopharyngeal swabs 
D)  Cotton nasopharyngeal swabs 
A)  Dacron nasopharyngeal swabs 
B)  Rayon nasopharyngeal swabs 
C)  Calcium alginate nasopharyngeal swabs 
D)  Cotton nasopharyngeal swabs

Question 12

What organisms are most frequently isolated from cultures of individuals with otitis media?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae 
C)  S. pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
D)  H. influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae 
C)  S. pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
D)  H. influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis

Question 13

What common condition will predispose individuals to acute sinusitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cold sores 
B)  Ear infections 
C)  Nosebleeds 
D)  Allergies 
A)  Cold sores 
B)  Ear infections 
C)  Nosebleeds 
D)  Allergies

Question 14

What should a microbiologist do if he or she finds a-hemolytic colonies on a properly collected sputum specimen on a patient suspected of having lobar pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ignore the colonies because they are normal florae. 
B)  Ignore the colonies because no known pathogens for pneumonia are a-hemolytic. 
C)  Do a full workup to identify the organism. 
D)  Suspect a bioterror agent, and send the isolate to a laboratory response network (LRN) reference laboratory. 
A)  Ignore the colonies because they are normal florae. 
B)  Ignore the colonies because no known pathogens for pneumonia are a-hemolytic. 
C)  Do a full workup to identify the organism. 
D)  Suspect a bioterror agent, and send the isolate to a laboratory response network (LRN) reference laboratory.

Question 15

All of the following are complications of acute sinusitis EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute pharyngitis 
B)  Meningitis 
C)  Osteomyelitis 
D)  Orbital cellulitis 
A)  Acute pharyngitis 
B)  Meningitis 
C)  Osteomyelitis 
D)  Orbital cellulitis

Question 16

What is the cause of reduced clearance of respiratory secretions that predisposes people to respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obstruction of a foreign body 
B)  Alterations in the viscosity of the mucus 
C)  Immature anatomic development 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Obstruction of a foreign body 
B)  Alterations in the viscosity of the mucus 
C)  Immature anatomic development 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

A patient's normal florae can be altered by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Broad-spectrum antibiotics 
B)  Recent hospitalization 
C)  Chronic illness 
D)  Visited a nursing home 
A)  Broad-spectrum antibiotics 
B)  Recent hospitalization 
C)  Chronic illness 
D)  Visited a nursing home

Question 18

Which of the immunocompromised circumstances listed here is a form of functional immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sex 
B)  Age 
C)  Chronic illness 
D)  Pregnancy 
A)  Sex 
B)  Age 
C)  Chronic illness 
D)  Pregnancy

Question 19

What organism is the most common opportunistic pathogen that routinely infects patients with HIV/AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumocystis carinii 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
C)  Serratia marcescens 
D)  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 
A)  Pneumocystis carinii 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
C)  Serratia marcescens 
D)  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 20

What usually causes community-acquired pneumonias in children during the winter months?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Viral pathogens 
D)  Legionella spp. 
A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
C)  Viral pathogens 
D)  Legionella spp.

Exam 32: Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

What organism causes epiglottis?

What is empyema?

All of the following factors can help the microbiologist differentiate between colonization and infection,EXCEPT:

Why do most physicians treat otitis media empirically instead of obtaining cultures before prescribing antibiotics?

If a patient has a throat culture done and the culture reveals the presence of a-hemolytic colonies,what does this indicate?

What is helpful when initiating empiric antimicrobial therapy?

The clinical picture of this condition includes an incubation period of 2 to 10 days,fever,with or without cough,and dyspnea.The condition may resolve or progress to a more severe form.What is this condition?

What is the most common complication of pertussis?

What is the major cause for chronic bronchitis?

What is the most common localized infection of the upper respiratory tract in preschool-age patients?

What is the specimen of choice for recovery of Bordetella pertussis?

What organisms are most frequently isolated from cultures of individuals with otitis media?

What common condition will predispose individuals to acute sinusitis?

What should a microbiologist do if he or she finds a-hemolytic colonies on a properly collected sputum specimen on a patient suspected of having lobar pneumonia?

All of the following are complications of acute sinusitis EXCEPT:

What is the cause of reduced clearance of respiratory secretions that predisposes people to respiratory infections?

A patient's normal florae can be altered by all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the immunocompromised circumstances listed here is a form of functional immunodeficiency?

What organism is the most common opportunistic pathogen that routinely infects patients with HIV/AIDS?

What usually causes community-acquired pneumonias in children during the winter months?

Bacterial Cell Structure, physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Infected Materials

Use of Colonial Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antibiotic Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio,aeromonas,plesiomonas and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

Spirochetes

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Other Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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