Question 1

All of the following are considered some of the most efficient and upregulated prone microbes when stress hits EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulase-negative staphylococci 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
C)  Micrococcus luteus 
D)  Candida albicans 
A)  Coagulase-negative staphylococci 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
C)  Micrococcus luteus 
D)  Candida albicans C

Question 2

What do biofilms allow members of the microbial community to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Withstand the shear forces of blood and urine 
B)  Remain in a nutrient rich environment 
C)  Survive 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Withstand the shear forces of blood and urine 
B)  Remain in a nutrient rich environment 
C)  Survive 
D)  All of the above D

Question 3

In which step of the infectious process could biofilms help bacteria when it comes to indwelling medical devices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Downregulation 
B)  Phenotypic variation 
C)  Genotypic variation 
D)  Attachment 
A)  Downregulation 
B)  Phenotypic variation 
C)  Genotypic variation 
D)  Attachment D

Question 4

What is the common name for a dental biofilm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cavity 
B)  Gingivitis 
C)  Periodontitis 
D)  Plaque 
A)  Cavity 
B)  Gingivitis 
C)  Periodontitis 
D)  Plaque

Question 5

What types of cells in a biofilm are viable but nonculturable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagocytes 
B)  Persister 
C)  Attachment cells 
D)  Layering cells 
A)  Phagocytes 
B)  Persister 
C)  Attachment cells 
D)  Layering cells

Question 6

Biofilms can protect its members from all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies 
B)  Oxygen-reactive molecules 
C)  Antimicrobial drugs 
D)  Phagocytosis 
A)  Antibodies 
B)  Oxygen-reactive molecules 
C)  Antimicrobial drugs 
D)  Phagocytosis

Question 7

What is stage II of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irreversible binding phase 
B)  Multiplication phase 
C)  Attachment phase 
D)  Layering phase 
A)  Irreversible binding phase 
B)  Multiplication phase 
C)  Attachment phase 
D)  Layering phase

Question 8

In this level of the biofilm,the organisms downregulate somewhat their metabolic activity,but they can still use nutrients and exchange genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Outer 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Inner 
D)  Substrata 
A)  Outer 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Inner 
D)  Substrata

Question 9

What disease,caused by biofilms,consumes more resources in the intensive care unit (ICU)than any other infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood cultures positive with coagulase-negative staphylococci 
B)  Urinary tract infections due to gram-negative rods 
C)  Surgical site infections 
D)  Ventilator-associated pneumonia 
A)  Blood cultures positive with coagulase-negative staphylococci 
B)  Urinary tract infections due to gram-negative rods 
C)  Surgical site infections 
D)  Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Question 10

Cobiofilms of what two organisms are associated with serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 11

What process allows the bacteria of the biofilm to spread to other body sites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugation 
B)  Metastasis 
C)  Disaggregation 
D)  Planktonization 
A)  Conjugation 
B)  Metastasis 
C)  Disaggregation 
D)  Planktonization

Question 12

Biofilms are a universal strategy for:

Accepted Answer

A)  Planktonic free-floating organisms 
B)  To increase plasmid transfer for antibiotic resistance 
C)  To battle sheer forces 
D)  Survival, horizontal gene transfer and growth 
A)  Planktonic free-floating organisms 
B)  To increase plasmid transfer for antibiotic resistance 
C)  To battle sheer forces 
D)  Survival, horizontal gene transfer and growth

Question 13

What is a sessile-type biofilm?

Accepted Answer

A)  A biofilm made up of free-floating microorganisms 
B)  A multiple-species biofilm 
C)  A biofilm that is attached and made up of multiple species 
D)  A biofilm that is present in an aquatic environment 
A)  A biofilm made up of free-floating microorganisms 
B)  A multiple-species biofilm 
C)  A biofilm that is attached and made up of multiple species 
D)  A biofilm that is present in an aquatic environment

Question 14

What happens to dental plaque if it is allowed to remain undisturbed for several days?

Accepted Answer

A)  The biofilm disaggregates. 
B)  The persister cells predominate the biofilm. 
C)  Pathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
D)  Nonpathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
A)  The biofilm disaggregates. 
B)  The persister cells predominate the biofilm. 
C)  Pathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
D)  Nonpathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm.

Question 15

What are the metabolically inert microorganisms present in a biofilm called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spores 
B)  Pheromone cells 
C)  Quorum sensing cells 
D)  Persister cells 
A)  Spores 
B)  Pheromone cells 
C)  Quorum sensing cells 
D)  Persister cells

Question 16

This layer of a biofilm is exposed to the highest concentration of nutrients and oxygen,containing the most active organisms.What layer is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Outer 
B)  Inner 
C)  Middle 
D)  Substrata 
A)  Outer 
B)  Inner 
C)  Middle 
D)  Substrata

Question 17

In this level of the biofilm,the organisms downregulate very efficiently and are the least metabolically active.

Accepted Answer

A)  Outer 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Inner 
D)  Substrata 
A)  Outer 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Inner 
D)  Substrata

Question 18

How do microorganisms that live in close proximity exchange DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frame-shift mutations and plasmid uptake 
B)  Transformation and conjugation 
C)  Conjugation and frame-shift mutations 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Frame-shift mutations and plasmid uptake 
B)  Transformation and conjugation 
C)  Conjugation and frame-shift mutations 
D)  All of the above

Question 19

What is stage V of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spreading phase 
B)  Multiplication phase 
C)  Cell dispersion 
D)  Layering phase 
A)  Spreading phase 
B)  Multiplication phase 
C)  Cell dispersion 
D)  Layering phase

Question 20

All of the following environmental and key cultural characteristics affect biofilms EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Movement of host 
B)  Genotypic factors 
C)  Nutritional resources 
D)  Mechanical factors and sheer forces 
A)  Movement of host 
B)  Genotypic factors 
C)  Nutritional resources 
D)  Mechanical factors and sheer forces

Exam 31: Biofilms: Architects of Disease

All of the following are considered some of the most efficient and upregulated prone microbes when stress hits EXCEPT:

What do biofilms allow members of the microbial community to do?

In which step of the infectious process could biofilms help bacteria when it comes to indwelling medical devices?

What is the common name for a dental biofilm?

What types of cells in a biofilm are viable but nonculturable?

Biofilms can protect its members from all of the following EXCEPT:

What is stage II of biofilm development?

In this level of the biofilm,the organisms downregulate somewhat their metabolic activity,but they can still use nutrients and exchange genes.

What disease,caused by biofilms,consumes more resources in the intensive care unit (ICU)than any other infectious disease?

Cobiofilms of what two organisms are associated with serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

What process allows the bacteria of the biofilm to spread to other body sites?

Biofilms are a universal strategy for:

What is a sessile-type biofilm?

What happens to dental plaque if it is allowed to remain undisturbed for several days?

What are the metabolically inert microorganisms present in a biofilm called?

This layer of a biofilm is exposed to the highest concentration of nutrients and oxygen,containing the most active organisms.What layer is this?

In this level of the biofilm,the organisms downregulate very efficiently and are the least metabolically active.

How do microorganisms that live in close proximity exchange DNA?

What is stage V of biofilm development?

All of the following environmental and key cultural characteristics affect biofilms EXCEPT:

Bacterial Cell Structure, physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Infected Materials

Use of Colonial Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antibiotic Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio,aeromonas,plesiomonas and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

Spirochetes

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Other Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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