Question 1

What is proteomics?

Accepted Answer

A)  The study of proteins on a cellular level 
B)  The study of serum proteins 
C)  The study of proteins in genes 
D)  The study of the human genome 
A)  The study of proteins on a cellular level 
B)  The study of serum proteins 
C)  The study of proteins in genes 
D)  The study of the human genome

Question 2

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)includes all the following steps EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Denaturation 
B)  Primer annealing 
C)  Primer extension 
D)  Amplification 
A)  Denaturation 
B)  Primer annealing 
C)  Primer extension 
D)  Amplification

Question 3

Many hybridization assay conditions are based on the expectation that a probe:

Accepted Answer

A)  Will quickly react with the complementary target sequence. 
B)  Is not sterically hindered in the reaction 
C)  Has exact complementarity to the target nucleic acid 
D)  Will not require any oligonucleotides to attach to the target 
A)  Will quickly react with the complementary target sequence. 
B)  Is not sterically hindered in the reaction 
C)  Has exact complementarity to the target nucleic acid 
D)  Will not require any oligonucleotides to attach to the target

Question 4

How do higher probe concentrations affect a given hybridization reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the temperature 
B)  Lower the reaction time 
C)  Lower the ionic strength 
D)  Increase the pH. 
A)  Increase the temperature 
B)  Lower the reaction time 
C)  Lower the ionic strength 
D)  Increase the pH.

Question 5

During the denaturation step in polymerase chain reaction (PCR):

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase extends the primers. 
B)  Oligonucleotide primers are hybridized to the single-stranded DNA. 
C)  Native DNA is cut into small pieces with a restriction enzyme. 
D)  The target double-stranded DNA is separated into single strands during the denaturation step. 
A)  DNA polymerase extends the primers. 
B)  Oligonucleotide primers are hybridized to the single-stranded DNA. 
C)  Native DNA is cut into small pieces with a restriction enzyme. 
D)  The target double-stranded DNA is separated into single strands during the denaturation step.

Question 6

The steps for performing the Northern blot test include all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA is separated in an agarose gel. 
B)  The separated RNA is transferred from the agarose gel onto a membrane. 
C)  The membrane is then transferred to a gel so that the RNA can be immobilized in the gel. 
D)  The immobilized RNA is detected with a probe that hybridizes to the RNA species of interest. 
A)  RNA is separated in an agarose gel. 
B)  The separated RNA is transferred from the agarose gel onto a membrane. 
C)  The membrane is then transferred to a gel so that the RNA can be immobilized in the gel. 
D)  The immobilized RNA is detected with a probe that hybridizes to the RNA species of interest.

Question 7

Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is very sensitive and specific because:

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses more than one DNA polymerase to make three to four times the amount of PCR products than standard PCR. 
B)  The assay itself basically serves as a form of internal control and ensures specificity. 
C)  The assay will act as a form of external control, ensuring specificity and sensitivity. 
D)  The fluorochrome that is attached to the primers ensures specificity of the nucleotides that are attached to the template. 
A)  It uses more than one DNA polymerase to make three to four times the amount of PCR products than standard PCR. 
B)  The assay itself basically serves as a form of internal control and ensures specificity. 
C)  The assay will act as a form of external control, ensuring specificity and sensitivity. 
D)  The fluorochrome that is attached to the primers ensures specificity of the nucleotides that are attached to the template.

Question 8

The target nucleic acid strand is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The one to which the extra nucleic acid attaches 
B)  The DNA or RNA sequence unique to the organism of interest 
C)  The strand that is used as the oligonucleotide primer 
D)  The one that is labeled with a chromogen. 
A)  The one to which the extra nucleic acid attaches 
B)  The DNA or RNA sequence unique to the organism of interest 
C)  The strand that is used as the oligonucleotide primer 
D)  The one that is labeled with a chromogen.

Question 9

What is the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)methodology?

Accepted Answer

A)  The transfer of energy from a donor dye molecule to an acceptor dye molecule. 
B)  A fluorescent probe is mixed with labeled primers and a sandwich occurs where the fluorescent molecule is activated to fluorescent. 
C)  A light shines on the fluorescent probe label and it fluoresces. 
D)  A chromogenic substrate is mixed into solution, and when it combines with the Taq DNA polymerase, a fluorophore is formed and it fluoresces. 
A)  The transfer of energy from a donor dye molecule to an acceptor dye molecule. 
B)  A fluorescent probe is mixed with labeled primers and a sandwich occurs where the fluorescent molecule is activated to fluorescent. 
C)  A light shines on the fluorescent probe label and it fluoresces. 
D)  A chromogenic substrate is mixed into solution, and when it combines with the Taq DNA polymerase, a fluorophore is formed and it fluoresces.

Question 10

The function of the probe is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Form a duplex with every complementary sequence available in the reaction. 
B)  Make sure that the chromogenic or radioactive label is functional. 
C)  Break up the large oligonucleotides into smaller pieces so there will be more complementary pieces with which to pair. 
D)  Inhibit the formation of hybrids. 
A)  Form a duplex with every complementary sequence available in the reaction. 
B)  Make sure that the chromogenic or radioactive label is functional. 
C)  Break up the large oligonucleotides into smaller pieces so there will be more complementary pieces with which to pair. 
D)  Inhibit the formation of hybrids.

Question 11

When an organism's genome is sequenced,all of the following information can be obtained EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular processes 
B)  Protein associations 
C)  Disease causing mechanisms 
D)  Interrelatedness of biologic activities 
A)  Cellular processes 
B)  Protein associations 
C)  Disease causing mechanisms 
D)  Interrelatedness of biologic activities

Question 12

What chemical has been very successful in reducing carryover from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)assays?

Accepted Answer

A)  Taq DNA polymerase 
B)  Uracil-N-glycosylate 
C)  Thymine 
D)  Bromthymol blue 
A)  Taq DNA polymerase 
B)  Uracil-N-glycosylate 
C)  Thymine 
D)  Bromthymol blue

Question 13

All of the following nonamplified typing techniques are used to differentiate strains of an organism EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Multilocus sequence typing 
B)  Southern blotting 
C)  Plasmid profile analysis 
D)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis 
A)  Multilocus sequence typing 
B)  Southern blotting 
C)  Plasmid profile analysis 
D)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis

Question 14

This technique is a popular method of DNA fingerprinting.

Accepted Answer

A)  Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis 
B)  Random amplified polymorphic DNA 
C)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 
D)  Multilocus sequence typing 
A)  Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis 
B)  Random amplified polymorphic DNA 
C)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 
D)  Multilocus sequence typing

Question 15

PCR requires all of the following components EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA helicase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  Oligonucleotides (primers) 
D)  Deoxynucleotide triphosphates 
A)  DNA helicase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  Oligonucleotides (primers) 
D)  Deoxynucleotide triphosphates

Question 16

Nucleic acid hybridization is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Coupling of complementary single-stranded nucleic acid molecules 
B)  Mixing different pieces of DNA together and making a hybrid molecule 
C)  Attaching an RNA to an mRNA unit 
D)  Making RNA from a DNA template 
A)  Coupling of complementary single-stranded nucleic acid molecules 
B)  Mixing different pieces of DNA together and making a hybrid molecule 
C)  Attaching an RNA to an mRNA unit 
D)  Making RNA from a DNA template

Question 17

What is the purpose of the primer extension?

Accepted Answer

A)  To cut the native DNA into small pieces with a restriction enzyme 
B)  To hybridize the oligonucleotide primers to the single stranded DNA pieces 
C)  To produce PCR products 
D)  To activate the DNA polymerase to form hybrids with the oligonucleotide primers 
A)  To cut the native DNA into small pieces with a restriction enzyme 
B)  To hybridize the oligonucleotide primers to the single stranded DNA pieces 
C)  To produce PCR products 
D)  To activate the DNA polymerase to form hybrids with the oligonucleotide primers

Question 18

The basis for this method is a microscopic grouping of DNA molecules attached to a solid support mechanism.Silicon chips,glass,or plastic have been used as the solid surfaces.What method is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multilocus enzymes electrophoresis 
B)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 
C)  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D)  DNA microarray 
A)  Multilocus enzymes electrophoresis 
B)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 
C)  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D)  DNA microarray

Question 19

This method is good for separating large DNA fragments in a low-percentage,low-melt agarose gel by an angled electrical field that periodically changes orientation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 
B)  Southern blot 
C)  Agarose gel electrophoresis 
D)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFG
E)  
A)  Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 
B)  Southern blot 
C)  Agarose gel electrophoresis 
D)  Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFG
E)

Question 20

The advantages of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)over standard PCR include all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  A positive result can be observed very quickly with RT-PCR. 
B)  RT-PCR does not use agarose gel. 
C)  RT-PCR does not accumulate hazardous waste. 
D)  RT-PCR uses open tubes like standard PCR. 
A)  A positive result can be observed very quickly with RT-PCR. 
B)  RT-PCR does not use agarose gel. 
C)  RT-PCR does not accumulate hazardous waste. 
D)  RT-PCR uses open tubes like standard PCR.

Exam 11: Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

What is proteomics?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)includes all the following steps EXCEPT:

Many hybridization assay conditions are based on the expectation that a probe:

How do higher probe concentrations affect a given hybridization reaction?

During the denaturation step in polymerase chain reaction (PCR):

The steps for performing the Northern blot test include all the following EXCEPT:

Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is very sensitive and specific because:

The target nucleic acid strand is:

What is the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)methodology?

The function of the probe is to:

When an organism's genome is sequenced,all of the following information can be obtained EXCEPT:

What chemical has been very successful in reducing carryover from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)assays?

All of the following nonamplified typing techniques are used to differentiate strains of an organism EXCEPT:

This technique is a popular method of DNA fingerprinting.

PCR requires all of the following components EXCEPT:

Nucleic acid hybridization is:

What is the purpose of the primer extension?

The basis for this method is a microscopic grouping of DNA molecules attached to a solid support mechanism.Silicon chips,glass,or plastic have been used as the solid surfaces.What method is this?

This method is good for separating large DNA fragments in a low-percentage,low-melt agarose gel by an angled electrical field that periodically changes orientation.

The advantages of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)over standard PCR include all the following EXCEPT:

Bacterial Cell Structure, physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Infected Materials

Use of Colonial Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Antibiotic Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio,aeromonas,plesiomonas and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

Spirochetes

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Other Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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