Exam 11: Pharmacology

Circulation within the liver decreases by approximately 65% by age 65 years with concurrent decreases in liver mass.

Give an example of the effect of drugs on nutrient metabolism.

What are the three main biomarkers used to assess liver function?

What has to happen to the medication before absorption is successful?

The top selling dietary product in the Natural and Health Food Market is _______________.

What is the primary risk of taking COX-2 inhibitors (anti-inflammatory)?

The pH at the absorption site can alter ionization of the drug, which may change the speed and effectiveness of absorption.

In the United States, what proportion of physician visits includes a written prescription?

What is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion called?

There is no official definition for the term "megavitamin therapy," but it usually encompasses amounts of over 10 times the RDA.

Long-term use of St. John's wort may result in diminished clinical effectiveness or increased dosage requirements for at least what percentage of all marketed medications?

Most drug biotransformation in the liver is accomplished by an enzyme called:

What common drug causes insomnia?

What fruit significantly impacts the actions of drugs such as statins and cyclosporines?

Describe the different routes the body uses to excrete drugs. Give an example of a consequence of a specific route of excretion.

What is the risk to the elderly of taking benzodiazapines?

What is parental administration and list the possible routes for parental administration of drugs.

The most important chemical properties of medications related to drug absorption include the solubility of the drug in lipid or water and the ionization of the medication.

A(n) _______________ works to stimulate synthesis of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, increasing action potential.

Give an example of a negative drug-nutrient interaction involving MAOIs.