Question 1

Replication of DNA cannot begin until

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate bonds between nucleotides are broken. 
B) hydrogen bonds between complementary bases are broken. 
C) covalent bonds between sugar molecules are broken. 
D) hydrogen bonds between nucleotides in one strand are broken. 
A) phosphate bonds between nucleotides are broken. 
B) hydrogen bonds between complementary bases are broken. 
C) covalent bonds between sugar molecules are broken. 
D) hydrogen bonds between nucleotides in one strand are broken.

Question 2

A mutation is due to the addition of two bases in a strand of DNA. This is called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mutation is due to the addition...

Question 3

Most eukaryotic DNA is

Accepted Answer

A) single-stranded. 
B) noncoding. 
C) regulatory sequences. 
D) prokaryotic. 
A) single-stranded. 
B) noncoding. 
C) regulatory sequences. 
D) prokaryotic.

Question 4

If a segment of double-stranded DNA has 20 percent A, how much of it is C?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 percent 
B) 30 percent 
C) 40 percent 
D) 60 percent 
A) 20 percent 
B) 30 percent 
C) 40 percent 
D) 60 percent

Question 5

This figure shows a short sequence of DNA. During DNA replication, the piece of DNA depicted in this figure will produce

Accepted Answer

A) one single-stranded molecule with the sequence CAGT. 
B) two single-stranded molecules with the sequence GTCA. 
C) one single-stranded molecule with the sequence CAGT and a separate single-stranded molecule with the sequence GTCA. 
D) two double-stranded molecules that look just like the figure. 
A) one single-stranded molecule with the sequence CAGT. 
B) two single-stranded molecules with the sequence GTCA. 
C) one single-stranded molecule with the sequence CAGT and a separate single-stranded molecule with the sequence GTCA. 
D) two double-stranded molecules that look just like the figure.

Question 6

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by ________ bonds between their base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen 
B) amino acid 
C) phosphate 
D) protein 
A) hydrogen 
B) amino acid 
C) phosphate 
D) protein

Question 7

DNA polymerase is used in the laboratory to

Accepted Answer

A) perform gel electrophoresis procedures. 
B) cure patients of certain genetic diseases. 
C) make many copies of a DNA sequence. 
D) attach DNA fragments to each other. 
A) perform gel electrophoresis procedures. 
B) cure patients of certain genetic diseases. 
C) make many copies of a DNA sequence. 
D) attach DNA fragments to each other.

Question 8

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

Accepted Answer

A) sugar 
B) phosphate 
C) base 
D) polymerase 
A) sugar 
B) phosphate 
C) base 
D) polymerase

Question 9

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique could be developed only after the discovery of bacterial enzymes that were able to withstand high temperatures. Why was it necessary to use such enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) Only bacterial DNA can be copied using the PCR method, so bacterial enzymes were necessary. 
B) Bacterial enzymes can bind to DNA outside of a cell. 
C) DNA can be cut into fragments only at high temperatures. 
D) The temperature required to separate DNA strands during PCR degrades most normal enzymes. 
A) Only bacterial DNA can be copied using the PCR method, so bacterial enzymes were necessary. 
B) Bacterial enzymes can bind to DNA outside of a cell. 
C) DNA can be cut into fragments only at high temperatures. 
D) The temperature required to separate DNA strands during PCR degrades most normal enzymes.

Question 10

Damaged DNA may be repaired by a special class of

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotides. 
B) proteins. 
C) deoxyribose molecules. 
D) phosphate bonds. 
A) nucleotides. 
B) proteins. 
C) deoxyribose molecules. 
D) phosphate bonds.

Question 11

A scientist is interested in studying the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

A) The scientist should select a prokaryotic cell. 
B) The scientist should select a eukaryotic cell. 
C) The scientist can select either a prokaryotic or a eukaryotic cell. 
D) The scientist will need to design a novel cell using DNA sequencing. 
A) The scientist should select a prokaryotic cell. 
B) The scientist should select a eukaryotic cell. 
C) The scientist can select either a prokaryotic or a eukaryotic cell. 
D) The scientist will need to design a novel cell using DNA sequencing.

Question 12

The order of the base pairs in a DNA molecule

Accepted Answer

A) differs from species to species. 
B) is identical in all organisms. 
C) is identical in organisms of the same species. 
D) differs from cell to cell in a given organism. 
A) differs from species to species. 
B) is identical in all organisms. 
C) is identical in organisms of the same species. 
D) differs from cell to cell in a given organism.

Question 13

The DNA primers used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are

Accepted Answer

A) identical to the entire base sequence of one strand of the DNA. 
B) produced when a gene of interest is read by restriction enzymes. 
C) attached to the gene of interest by polymerase. 
D) complementary to DNA sequences at both ends of the DNA sequence of interest. 
A) identical to the entire base sequence of one strand of the DNA. 
B) produced when a gene of interest is read by restriction enzymes. 
C) attached to the gene of interest by polymerase. 
D) complementary to DNA sequences at both ends of the DNA sequence of interest.

Question 14

A protein binds to the outside of a DNA strand. This protein does NOT likely bind to the ________ of the DNA nucleotides.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A protein binds to the outside of...

Question 15

DNA fingerprinting is based on regions of DNA that are variable between individuals. Many of these differences between individuals produce no change in phenotype. This type of mutation is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) deletion. 
B) insertion. 
C) silent mutation. 
D) substitution mutation. 
A) deletion. 
B) insertion. 
C) silent mutation. 
D) substitution mutation.

Question 16

Are mutations always harmful? Justify your answer and give an example to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Mutations are not always harmful. A muta

Question 17

It can be said that prokaryotic genomes are more efficient than eukaryotic genomes. Refute or support this claim using evidence.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic genomes are more e

Question 18

A scientist adds a single polymerase and primer to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but does not add nucleotides. How many strands would be present after three replications if a single original strand was present? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Without nucleotides, PCR canno

Question 19

A detective finds a miniscule spot of blood on a murder suspect's shirt. What method would she expect the police lab to use to get enough DNA from the blood droplet to perform DNA fingerprinting?

Accepted Answer

A) inserting the blood's DNA into viral DNA 
B) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
C) inserting the sample's DNA into a plasmid 
D) DNA sequencing 
A) inserting the blood's DNA into viral DNA 
B) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
C) inserting the sample's DNA into a plasmid 
D) DNA sequencing

Question 20

Put the following in order from smallest to largest.
-This is the next larger.

Accepted Answer

A) gene 
B) base 
C) nucleotide 
D) genome 
E) base pair 
A) gene 
B) base 
C) nucleotide 
D) genome 
E) base pair

Exam 8: What Genes Are

Replication of DNA cannot begin until

A mutation is due to the addition of two bases in a strand of DNA. This is called a(n) ________.

Most eukaryotic DNA is

If a segment of double-stranded DNA has 20 percent A, how much of it is C?

This figure shows a short sequence of DNA. During DNA replication, the piece of DNA depicted in this figure will produce

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by ________ bonds between their base pairs.

DNA polymerase is used in the laboratory to

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique could be developed only after the discovery of bacterial enzymes that were able to withstand high temperatures. Why was it necessary to use such enzymes?

Damaged DNA may be repaired by a special class of

A scientist is interested in studying the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.

The order of the base pairs in a DNA molecule

The DNA primers used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are

A protein binds to the outside of a DNA strand. This protein does NOT likely bind to the ________ of the DNA nucleotides.

DNA fingerprinting is based on regions of DNA that are variable between individuals. Many of these differences between individuals produce no change in phenotype. This type of mutation is a(n)

Are mutations always harmful? Justify your answer and give an example to support your answer.

It can be said that prokaryotic genomes are more efficient than eukaryotic genomes. Refute or support this claim using evidence.

A scientist adds a single polymerase and primer to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but does not add nucleotides. How many strands would be present after three replications if a single original strand was present? Explain your answer.

A detective finds a miniscule spot of blood on a murder suspect's shirt. What method would she expect the police lab to use to get enough DNA from the blood droplet to perform DNA fingerprinting?

Put the following in order from smallest to largest. -This is the next larger.

The Nature of Science

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Homeostasis, Reproduction, and Development

Digestive, Muscular, and Skeletal Systems

Circulatory, Respiratory, Urinary, and Nervous Systems

Endocrine and Immune Systems

Plant Physiology

Applying the Science

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