Question 1

Abnormally slow conduction through the ventricles would change the ________ in an ECG tracing.

Accepted Answer

A)  P wave 
B)  T wave 
C)  QRS complex 
D)  PR interval 
E)  RT interval 
A)  P wave 
B)  T wave 
C)  QRS complex 
D)  PR interval 
E)  RT interval

Question 2

A chronotropic agent is one that affects the heart rate.Compare and contrast this term with an inotropic agent.Give specific examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Inotropic agents affect contractility.Ca

Question 3

Sonja is pregnant during the year she is taking human physiology.At each check-up, she expects to be told that her blood pressure has increased.Yet into the final weeks of her pregnancy, her blood pressure is unchanged from its pre-pregnancy value.Why did she expect her blood pressure to increase? Propose some explanations for why it didn't.(Hint: Sometimes women adopt healthier habits during pregnancy, there are large blood-filled sinuses in the maternal portion of the placenta, and there are many hormonal effects that are unique to pregnancy.)

Accepted Answer

(Note to instructor: You may want to alt

Question 4

Sympathetic stimulation increases the heart rate by

Accepted Answer

A)  just increasing ion influx, thus increasing the rate of depolarization. 
B)  just increasing the permeability to Ca²⁺. 
C)  just increasing the permeability to K⁺. 
D)  just decreasing the permeability to Ca²⁺. 
E)  increasing the permeability to K⁺ and decreasing the permeability to Ca²⁺. 
A)  just increasing ion influx, thus increasing the rate of depolarization. 
B)  just increasing the permeability to Ca²⁺. 
C)  just increasing the permeability to K⁺. 
D)  just decreasing the permeability to Ca²⁺. 
E)  increasing the permeability to K⁺ and decreasing the permeability to Ca²⁺.

Question 5

The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca²⁺ only 
B)  K⁺ only 
C)  Na⁺ only 
D)  both Ca²⁺ and K⁺ 
E)  both Na⁺ and K⁺ 
A)  Ca²⁺ only 
B)  K⁺ only 
C)  Na⁺ only 
D)  both Ca²⁺ and K⁺ 
E)  both Na⁺ and K⁺

Question 6

The inferior point of the heart is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The inferior point of the heart is...

Question 7

Sympathetic stimulation to the pacemaker cells ________ heart rate by ________ ion flow through ________ and ________ channels.

Accepted Answer

increases,

Question 8

Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase ion flow through ________ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na⁺ only 
B)  K⁺ only 
C)  Ca²⁺ only 
D)  If only 
E)  If and Ca²⁺ 
A)  Na⁺ only 
B)  K⁺ only 
C)  Ca²⁺ only 
D)  If only 
E)  If and Ca²⁺

Question 9

During ventricular systole,

Accepted Answer

A)  the atria are contracting. 
B)  blood is entering the ventricles. 
C)  the AV valves are closed. 
D)  the pressure in the ventricles declines. 
E)  the ventricles are relaxed. 
A)  the atria are contracting. 
B)  blood is entering the ventricles. 
C)  the AV valves are closed. 
D)  the pressure in the ventricles declines. 
E)  the ventricles are relaxed.

Question 10

Which artery/arteries branch(es)is/are most proximal to the beginning of the aorta at the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatic 
B)  renal 
C)  coronary 
D)  carotid 
E)  pulmonary 
A)  hepatic 
B)  renal 
C)  coronary 
D)  carotid 
E)  pulmonary

Question 11

A heart rate of 125 beats per minute could be correctly termed

Accepted Answer

A)  bradycardia. 
B)  tachycardia. 
C)  an arrhythmia. 
D)  fibrillation. 
E)  a normal resting heart rate. 
A)  bradycardia. 
B)  tachycardia. 
C)  an arrhythmia. 
D)  fibrillation. 
E)  a normal resting heart rate.

Question 12

The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins are the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chambers of the heart that receive...

Question 13

The function of the pericardial fluid is to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide oxygen to the heart. 
B)  reduce friction between the heart and the pericardium. 
C)  provide fuel to the heart. 
D)  remove waste products from the heart. 
E)  store calcium for the heart. 
A)  provide oxygen to the heart. 
B)  reduce friction between the heart and the pericardium. 
C)  provide fuel to the heart. 
D)  remove waste products from the heart. 
E)  store calcium for the heart.

Question 14

If channels are permeable to

Accepted Answer

A)  Na⁺ only. 
B)  K⁺ only. 
C)  Ca²⁺ only. 
D)  Na⁺ and K⁺. 
E)  Ca²⁺ and K⁺. 
A)  Na⁺ only. 
B)  K⁺ only. 
C)  Ca²⁺ only. 
D)  Na⁺ and K⁺. 
E)  Ca²⁺ and K⁺.

Question 15

Which organ is NOT known to include a special portal system for blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  heart 
B)  kidney 
C)  liver 
D)  brain 
E)  All of these organs have portal systems. 
A)  heart 
B)  kidney 
C)  liver 
D)  brain 
E)  All of these organs have portal systems.

Question 16

Discuss the attachments between adjacent cardiac muscle cells.What features are important anatomically and physiologically? Is there a disadvantage to this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are joined by struc

Question 17

Stretching a myocardial cell

Accepted Answer

A)  only decreases the force of a contraction. 
B)  only allows more Ca²⁺ to enter. 
C)  only increases the force of contraction. 
D)  decreases the force of a contraction and allows more Ca²⁺ to enter. 
E)  allows more Ca²⁺ to enter and increases the force of a contraction. 
A)  only decreases the force of a contraction. 
B)  only allows more Ca²⁺ to enter. 
C)  only increases the force of contraction. 
D)  decreases the force of a contraction and allows more Ca²⁺ to enter. 
E)  allows more Ca²⁺ to enter and increases the force of a contraction.

Question 18

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described.
-Blood pressure decreases during sleep.How does this affect velocity?

Accepted Answer

A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped 
A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped

Question 19

The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is the amount of blood...

Question 20

The opening between each atrium and its ventricle is guarded by the ________, which connects the ventricular side to collagenous tendons, called ________.________ muscles provide stability for these tendons.

Accepted Answer

atrioventricular val

Exam 14: Cardiovascular Physiology

Abnormally slow conduction through the ventricles would change the ________ in an ECG tracing.

A chronotropic agent is one that affects the heart rate.Compare and contrast this term with an inotropic agent.Give specific examples of each.

Sympathetic stimulation increases the heart rate by

The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells is due to which ion(s)?

The inferior point of the heart is called the ________.

Sympathetic stimulation to the pacemaker cells ________ heart rate by ________ ion flow through ________ and ________ channels.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase ion flow through ________ channels.

During ventricular systole,

Which artery/arteries branch(es)is/are most proximal to the beginning of the aorta at the heart?

A heart rate of 125 beats per minute could be correctly termed

The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins are the ________.

The function of the pericardial fluid is to

If channels are permeable to

Which organ is NOT known to include a special portal system for blood?

Discuss the attachments between adjacent cardiac muscle cells.What features are important anatomically and physiologically? Is there a disadvantage to this arrangement?

Stretching a myocardial cell

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described. -Blood pressure decreases during sleep.How does this affect velocity?

The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill.

The opening between each atrium and its ventricle is guarded by the ________, which connects the ventricular side to collagenous tendons, called ________.________ muscles provide stability for these tendons.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Sympathetic stimulation to the pacemaker cells heart rate by ion flow through and channels.

The opening between each atrium and its ventricle is guarded by the , which connects the ventricular side to collagenous tendons, called . muscles provide stability for these tendons.