Question 1

The two types of cholinergic receptors are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

nicotinic, muscarinic

Question 2

The drug Chantix, which treats nicotine addiction, is an ________ for the nicotine receptor.

Accepted Answer

A)  agonist 
B)  antagonist 
A)  agonist 
B)  antagonist A

Question 3

Diagram the events that occur at the neuromuscular junction.Be sure to include the somatic motor neuron, axon terminal, synaptic cleft, synaptic vesicles, motor end plate, and appropriate neurotransmitter(s), ion channel(s), and membrane receptor(s).

Accepted Answer

Variable. See Figure 11.10 in the chapter.

Question 4

Match the following with its description.
-parasympathetic tissue receptor

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) norepinephrine 
C) cholinergic nicotinic receptor 
D) adrenergic receptor 
E) cholinergic muscarinic receptor 
A) acetylcholine 
B) norepinephrine 
C) cholinergic nicotinic receptor 
D) adrenergic receptor 
E) cholinergic muscarinic receptor

Question 5

Match the answers to the questions.
-The cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are found either in the brain stem or in the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions 
A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions

Question 6

Match the response with the type of chemical.
-blocks secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic antagonist 
B) parasympathetic antagonist 
A) sympathetic antagonist 
B) parasympathetic antagonist

Question 7

Match the answers to the questions.
-Inside the ganglia are interneurons, which modulate messages.

Accepted Answer

A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions 
A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions

Question 8

Phenelzine is a common MAO inhibitor that has been used to treat depression.It is not, however, prescribed as often as other antidepressants due to its effects on the autonomic nervous system.Describe several side effects that may result from taking phenelzine and explain why they might occur.

Accepted Answer

MAO inhibitors prevent the enzymatic bre

Question 9

Which of the following has its cell body in the ganglion?

Accepted Answer

A)  preganglionic neuron 
B)  postganglionic neuron 
C)  somatic motor neuron 
D)  preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron 
E)  preganglionic neuron, postganglionic neuron, and somatic motor neuron 
A)  preganglionic neuron 
B)  postganglionic neuron 
C)  somatic motor neuron 
D)  preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron 
E)  preganglionic neuron, postganglionic neuron, and somatic motor neuron

Question 10

Match the answers to the questions.
-The adrenal medulla is closely allied with this system.

Accepted Answer

A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions 
A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions

Question 11

Which statements apply to the parasympathetic division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is dominant during "resting and digesting." 
B)  Its ganglia are nearby, on or near their target organs. 
C)  Epinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division. 
D)  It is dominant during "resting and digesting" and its ganglia are nearby, on or near their target organs. 
E)  All of the statements apply. 
A)  It is dominant during "resting and digesting." 
B)  Its ganglia are nearby, on or near their target organs. 
C)  Epinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division. 
D)  It is dominant during "resting and digesting" and its ganglia are nearby, on or near their target organs. 
E)  All of the statements apply.

Question 12

Match the answers to the questions.
-It contains cholinergic neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions 
A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions

Question 13

Match the answers to the questions.
-Most preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions 
A) True only for the sympathetic division 
B) True only for the parasympathetic division 
C) True for both divisions

Question 14

The signal molecule ________ elicits the stronger response from beta₂ receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The signal molecule ________ elicits the stronger...

Question 15

Cholinergic receptors respond to the neurotransmitter ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cholinergic receptors respond to the neurotransmitter ________....

Question 16

You and your fellow deep-sea scientists have discovered a new form of marine invertebrate, and are anxious to determine the similarities and differences to animals already characterized.Chemical analysis reveals the following concentrations of permeable cations:
 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { [on } & \text { in] } \mathrm { mM } & \text { out] } \mathrm { mM } \
\hline \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } & 50 & 450 \
\hline \mathrm { K } ^ { + } & 420 & 20 \
\hline \mathrm { Mg } ^ { + + } & 10 & 60 \
\hline \mathrm { Cl } ^ { - } & 50 & 550 \
\hline
\end{array}$$ 
Nernst equation: ES1U1B1ionS1U1B0 = 61/z × log [ion]S1U1B1outS1U1B0/[ion]S1U1B1inS1U1B0
-Your studies of the neuromuscular junction reveal that the excitatory neurotransmitter opens a channel permeable to all three cations.Calculate the equilibrium potential for each cation.In which direction will each cation move when the channel is open? Does movement of ions promote muscle depolarization? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

ENₐ+ = 61 × log 450/50 = 58 mV.EK+ = 61

Question 17

Describe the major anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic pathways exit the spinal cor

Question 18

Cholinergic muscarinic receptors are found at the ________ in the ANS.

Accepted Answer

parasympat

Question 19

Though you are an attentive parent, you lost track of your inquisitive toddler for a few minutes, just long enough for him to wander into the garage and open a package of insecticide that you use to control insects in your garden.You have no idea if any of the poison has been ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through his skin.You take the package away from your child and read under the "caution" section that it is an anticholinesterase.Given that this poison was made for insects, not humans, should you be worried? Explain your answer.What would happen to the child if he has indeed been affected? Explain which type of synapses could be affected.Propose an antidote (it's OK if you don't remember a specific compound, just describe what type of effect may reverse the effects of the insecticide).

Accepted Answer

Insects have acetycholine receptors that

Question 20

"Dual innervation" refers to an organ receiving

Accepted Answer

A)  two nerves from the spinal cord. 
B)  both autonomic and somatomotor nerves. 
C)  both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. 
D)  nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  two nerves from the spinal cord. 
B)  both autonomic and somatomotor nerves. 
C)  both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. 
D)  nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Exam 11: Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

The two types of cholinergic receptors are ________ and ________.

The drug Chantix, which treats nicotine addiction, is an ________ for the nicotine receptor.

Diagram the events that occur at the neuromuscular junction.Be sure to include the somatic motor neuron, axon terminal, synaptic cleft, synaptic vesicles, motor end plate, and appropriate neurotransmitter(s), ion channel(s), and membrane receptor(s).

Match the following with its description. -parasympathetic tissue receptor

Match the answers to the questions. -The cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are found either in the brain stem or in the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Match the response with the type of chemical. -blocks secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Match the answers to the questions. -Inside the ganglia are interneurons, which modulate messages.

Phenelzine is a common MAO inhibitor that has been used to treat depression.It is not, however, prescribed as often as other antidepressants due to its effects on the autonomic nervous system.Describe several side effects that may result from taking phenelzine and explain why they might occur.

Which of the following has its cell body in the ganglion?

Match the answers to the questions. -The adrenal medulla is closely allied with this system.

Which statements apply to the parasympathetic division of the nervous system?

Match the answers to the questions. -It contains cholinergic neurons.

Match the answers to the questions. -Most preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

The signal molecule ________ elicits the stronger response from beta₂ receptors.

Cholinergic receptors respond to the neurotransmitter ________.

Describe the major anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

Cholinergic muscarinic receptors are found at the ________ in the ANS.

"Dual innervation" refers to an organ receiving

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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