Question 1

An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the rate of breathing. 
B)  increase the rate of breathing. 
C)  decrease pulmonary ventilation. 
D)  decrease the alveolar ventilation rate. 
E)  increase the pH of arterial blood. 
A)  decrease the rate of breathing. 
B)  increase the rate of breathing. 
C)  decrease pulmonary ventilation. 
D)  decrease the alveolar ventilation rate. 
E)  increase the pH of arterial blood. B

Question 2

Which of the following would make the oxygen-hemoglobin curve shift right?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased H⁺ concentration 
B)  increased pH 
C)  decreased temperature 
D)  decreased CO₂ 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  increased H⁺ concentration 
B)  increased pH 
C)  decreased temperature 
D)  decreased CO₂ 
E)  None of the answers are correct. A

Question 3

Draw a flow chart that shows the components of the reflex in which an increase in blood PCO₂ leads to increased ventilation.

Accepted Answer

Peripheral chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies detect changes in PCO₂ and pH.Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata monitor CO₂ in CSF.Either an increase in PCO₂ or decrease in pH will stimulate the receptors, which project to a control center in the medulla oblongata.The control center stimulates somatic motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles involved in ventilation.The effect is increased ventilation, which lowers PCO₂ by eliminating CO₂, so blood pH increases because of this shift.

Question 4

Drowning is often the introduction of outside water into the alveoli, yet some water is normally present in alveoli.Why is water normally present in the alveoli? What is present in alveolar fluid, besides water, that aids in respiration? What properties of water are detrimental to respiration? What causes drowning? While extremely rare, there have even been documented cases of people walking away from recreational swimming only to die later, on dry land, as a result of drowning (termed "delayed" or "secondary" drowning).Propose an explanation for delayed drowning.

Accepted Answer

Water is present everywhere in living ti

Question 5

A student in your lab volunteers to enter a hypoxic breathing chamber for 10 minutes, and his alveolar PO₂ drops to 50 mm Hg.What other change would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in arterial pH 
B)  decrease in arterial PCO₂ 
C)  decrease in pH of cerebrospinal fluid 
D)  increase in alveolar PCO₂ 
E)  hypoventilation 
A)  decrease in arterial pH 
B)  decrease in arterial PCO₂ 
C)  decrease in pH of cerebrospinal fluid 
D)  increase in alveolar PCO₂ 
E)  hypoventilation

Question 6

Which of the following characteristics makes hemoglobin's structure such a good match for its function as an oxygen carrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each hemoglobin molecule can bind one oxygen molecule. 
B)  Each hemoglobin molecule can bind two oxygen molecules. 
C)  Each hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules. 
D)  Each hemoglobin molecule can't be saturated by oxygen molecules. 
E)  Each hemoglobin binds irreversibly to an oxygen molecule. 
A)  Each hemoglobin molecule can bind one oxygen molecule. 
B)  Each hemoglobin molecule can bind two oxygen molecules. 
C)  Each hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules. 
D)  Each hemoglobin molecule can't be saturated by oxygen molecules. 
E)  Each hemoglobin binds irreversibly to an oxygen molecule.

Question 7

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
-increased temperature

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) decrease 
A) increase 
B) decrease

Question 8

List and explain the factors that influence gas diffusion in the lungs.

Accepted Answer

Concentration gradient, surface area, me

Question 9

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
-increased 2,3-DPG

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) decrease 
A) increase 
B) decrease

Question 10

________ is the enzyme that converts CO₂ into bicarbonate ions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the enzyme that converts CO₂...

Question 11

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
-increased pH

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) decrease 
A) increase 
B) decrease

Question 12

If the partial pressure of oxygen in both air and water is 100 mm Hg, then the concentration of the oxygen is the same in the air and water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

Accepted Answer

A)  solute dissolved in the plasma. 
B)  carbaminohemoglobin. 
C)  bicarbonate ions. 
D)  solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. 
E)  carbonic acid. 
A)  solute dissolved in the plasma. 
B)  carbaminohemoglobin. 
C)  bicarbonate ions. 
D)  solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. 
E)  carbonic acid.

Question 14

Match the lung disease to its description.
-fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces

Accepted Answer

A) fibrotic lung disease 
B) emphysema 
C) asthma 
D) pulmonary edema 
A) fibrotic lung disease 
B) emphysema 
C) asthma 
D) pulmonary edema

Question 15

The carotid and aortic bodies contain specialized ________ cells, which can increase ventilation in response to changes in PO₂, PCO₂, or pH.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The carotid and aortic bodies contain specialized...

Question 16

Hypoxia resulting from fluid accumulation in the alveoli that cannot be corrected by oxygen therapy can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  emphysema. 
B)  fibrotic lung disease. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  adult respiratory distress syndrome. 
E)  sudden infant death syndrome. 
A)  emphysema. 
B)  fibrotic lung disease. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  adult respiratory distress syndrome. 
E)  sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 17

Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen.To get the same amount of oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the temperature of the plasma. 
B)  increase the partial pressure of oxygen. 
C)  decrease the partial pressure of nitrogen. 
D)  increase the rate of plasma flow through the lungs. 
E)  decrease the alveolar ventilation rate. 
A)  decrease the temperature of the plasma. 
B)  increase the partial pressure of oxygen. 
C)  decrease the partial pressure of nitrogen. 
D)  increase the rate of plasma flow through the lungs. 
E)  decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.

Question 18

What are the three ways CO₂ is transported in blood? Approximately what percentage is transported by each way?

Accepted Answer

1.attached to hemogl

Question 19

PCO₂ tends to be ________ in tissues than in systemic capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of PCO₂ tends to be ________ in tissues...

Question 20

The Hering-Breuer reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  functions to increase ventilation with changes in blood pressure. 
B)  alters pulmonary ventilation when the PO₂ changes. 
C)  alters pulmonary ventilation when the PCO₂ changes. 
D)  prevents overexpansion of the lungs. 
E)  is an important aspect of normal, quiet breathing. 
A)  functions to increase ventilation with changes in blood pressure. 
B)  alters pulmonary ventilation when the PO₂ changes. 
C)  alters pulmonary ventilation when the PCO₂ changes. 
D)  prevents overexpansion of the lungs. 
E)  is an important aspect of normal, quiet breathing.

Exam 18: Gas Exchange and Transport

An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

Which of the following would make the oxygen-hemoglobin curve shift right?

Draw a flow chart that shows the components of the reflex in which an increase in blood PCO₂ leads to increased ventilation.

A student in your lab volunteers to enter a hypoxic breathing chamber for 10 minutes, and his alveolar PO₂ drops to 50 mm Hg.What other change would occur?

Which of the following characteristics makes hemoglobin's structure such a good match for its function as an oxygen carrier?

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. -increased temperature

List and explain the factors that influence gas diffusion in the lungs.

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. -increased 2,3-DPG

________ is the enzyme that converts CO₂ into bicarbonate ions.

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. -increased pH

If the partial pressure of oxygen in both air and water is 100 mm Hg, then the concentration of the oxygen is the same in the air and water.

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

Match the lung disease to its description. -fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces

The carotid and aortic bodies contain specialized ________ cells, which can increase ventilation in response to changes in PO₂, PCO₂, or pH.

Hypoxia resulting from fluid accumulation in the alveoli that cannot be corrected by oxygen therapy can lead to

Carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen.To get the same amount of oxygen to dissolve in plasma as carbon dioxide, you would have to

What are the three ways CO₂ is transported in blood? Approximately what percentage is transported by each way?

PCO₂ tends to be ________ in tissues than in systemic capillaries.

The Hering-Breuer reflex

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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