Question 1

________ is characterized by a thickened alveolar membrane, slowing respiratory gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

Fibrotic l

Question 2

Oxygen consumption increases with exercise due to the fact that the contracting muscles are doing work and require ATP to produce the contractions.
A.How does the body meet the increased demand for oxygen?
B.Calculate the oxygen consumption of a runner using the following information:
Heart Rate: 130 bpm; Stroke Volume: 270 mL/beat;
Arterial oxygen content: 250 mL O₂/L blood, and
Venous oxygen content: 100 O₂/L blood.

Accepted Answer

In order to meet the increased oxygen us

Question 3

The output of the ________ group of inspiratory neurons controls the ________ muscle(s)by way of the ________ nerve.

Accepted Answer

dorsal respiratory,

Question 4

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately ________ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  45 
C)  50 
D)  70 
E)  100 
A)  40 
B)  45 
C)  50 
D)  70 
E)  100

Question 5

A chemistry student accidentally spills chlorine bleach into a dilute acid.The mixture reacts and produces fumes that are inhaled by the student and that reduce his ventilation.Assume that the gaseous chemical produced is a base (i.e., it releases OH- in an aqueous solution), and that the chemical is absorbed into the bloodstream at the alveoli.Explain why ventilation is reduced in the patient.

Accepted Answer

The physiological response is opposite t

Question 6

Match the lung disease to its description.
-decreased surface area for gas exchange

Accepted Answer

A) fibrotic lung disease 
B) emphysema 
C) asthma 
D) pulmonary edema 
A) fibrotic lung disease 
B) emphysema 
C) asthma 
D) pulmonary edema

Question 7

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary ventilation. 
B)  external respiration. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  cellular respiration. 
E)  breathing. 
A)  pulmonary ventilation. 
B)  external respiration. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  cellular respiration. 
E)  breathing.

Question 8

Too little oxygen in cells is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Too little oxygen in cells is called...

Question 9

Generally, PCO₂ in arterial blood is ________ than PCO₂ in venous blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Generally, PCO₂ in arterial blood is ________...

Question 10

Define hyperventilation and explain what may cause it.Is the increased ventilation that occurs while exercising an example of hyperventilation? Explain your answer.How are PO₂ and PCO₂ affected by hyperventilation? Can breathing into a paper bag remedy hyperventilation or is this just unfounded folk medicine? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation is an increase in alveo

Question 11

Fear and excitement may affect the pace and depth of respiration by stimulation of portions of the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fear and excitement may affect the pace...

Question 12

If the neural connections between the pons and medulla are severed, breathing will stop.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the cells of peripheral tissues is approximately ________ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  45 
C)  50 
D)  70 
E)  100 
A)  40 
B)  45 
C)  50 
D)  70 
E)  100

Question 14

Do the factors affecting affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen have the same impact on loading and unloading in lungs and tissues? Explain your answer, and indicate if this presents a conflict in remedying hypoxia.Assuming a medical team has treatments available for changing all the factors affecting hemoglobin's oxygen affinity, how should they manipulate pH, temperature, PCO₂, and 2,3-DPG content in a hypoxic patient?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin affinity changes in the same

Question 15

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolved in plasma. 
B)  bound to hemoglobin. 
C)  in ionic form as solute in the plasma. 
D)  bound to a plasma protein. 
E)  carried by white blood cells. 
A)  dissolved in plasma. 
B)  bound to hemoglobin. 
C)  in ionic form as solute in the plasma. 
D)  bound to a plasma protein. 
E)  carried by white blood cells.

Question 16

Too little oxygen in cells is often accompanied by too much ________, which is called ________.

Accepted Answer

carbon dio

Question 17

Chronic hypoxia

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 2,3-DPG production in blood. 
B)  shifts the HbO₂ dissociation curve to the left. 
C)  can be caused by anemia. 
D)  increases 2,3-DPG production in blood and can result from anemia. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  increases 2,3-DPG production in blood. 
B)  shifts the HbO₂ dissociation curve to the left. 
C)  can be caused by anemia. 
D)  increases 2,3-DPG production in blood and can result from anemia. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Generally, PO₂ in arterial blood is ________ than PO₂ in venous blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Generally, PO₂ in arterial blood is ________...

Question 19

A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would

Accepted Answer

A)  interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin. 
B)  cause an increase in blood pH. 
C)  increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood. 
D)  decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin. 
B)  cause an increase in blood pH. 
C)  increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood. 
D)  decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

List, compare, and contrast the locations and stimuli for respiratory chemoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid

Exam 18: Gas Exchange and Transport

________ is characterized by a thickened alveolar membrane, slowing respiratory gas exchange.

The output of the ________ group of inspiratory neurons controls the ________ muscle(s)by way of the ________ nerve.

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately ________ mm Hg.

Match the lung disease to its description. -decreased surface area for gas exchange

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

Too little oxygen in cells is called ________.

Generally, PCO₂ in arterial blood is ________ than PCO₂ in venous blood.

Fear and excitement may affect the pace and depth of respiration by stimulation of portions of the ________.

If the neural connections between the pons and medulla are severed, breathing will stop.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the cells of peripheral tissues is approximately ________ mm Hg.

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is

Too little oxygen in cells is often accompanied by too much ________, which is called ________.

Chronic hypoxia

Generally, PO₂ in arterial blood is ________ than PO₂ in venous blood.

A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would

List, compare, and contrast the locations and stimuli for respiratory chemoreceptors.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

The output of the group of inspiratory neurons controls the muscle(s)by way of the nerve.

Too little oxygen in cells is often accompanied by too much , which is called .