Question 1

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  a lower pH during gastric digestion. 
B)  a higher pH during gastric digestion. 
C)  decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells. 
D)  increased protein digestion in the stomach. 
E)  decreased gastrin production. 
A)  a lower pH during gastric digestion. 
B)  a higher pH during gastric digestion. 
C)  decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells. 
D)  increased protein digestion in the stomach. 
E)  decreased gastrin production. B

Question 2

Compare and contrast gastrin, CCK, secretin, GIP, motilin, and glucagon-like peptide 1.In your answer, include the following details for each term: secreted by, target(s), effects, and stimulus for release.

Accepted Answer

See Table 21.1 in the chapter.

Question 3

What is the ENS, and when was it discovered? What is its significance, what is its nickname, and what are the characteristics that justify that nickname?

Accepted Answer

ENS is the enteric nervous system, discovered over 100 years ago.The ENS controls reflexive peristalsis in the intestine, independent of the CNS.The ENS is nicknamed the "little brain" because it shares these characteristics with the actual brain: secretion of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and the presence of glial cells, a diffusion barrier, and integrating centers.

Question 4

Muna came down with the flu.She experienced severe vomiting, determined to be primarily stomach contents, for three days, and now is having chest pains.She is calling one of her symptoms "heartburn," but reported that it felt as if she had swallowed a small apple whole.Certain that she was having a heart attack, Muna rushed to the doctor.The doctor took her history and symptoms, and reassured her that she only had esophagitis.How did the physician conclude this? Is her blood pH higher or lower than normal?

Accepted Answer

Acid reflux irritated the esop

Question 5

________ are tiny droplets of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Micelles 
B)  Enterocyte membranes 
C)  Chylomicrons 
D)  Lacteals 
A)  Micelles 
B)  Enterocyte membranes 
C)  Chylomicrons 
D)  Lacteals

Question 6

After processing in the stomach, the gastric contents are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  feces. 
B)  food. 
C)  chyme. 
D)  filtrate. 
A)  feces. 
B)  food. 
C)  chyme. 
D)  filtrate.

Question 7

Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it.
-pancreatic cells

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes 
B) HCl 
C) HCO₃⁻ 
D) mucus 
E) more than one of these 
A) enzymes 
B) HCl 
C) HCO₃⁻ 
D) mucus 
E) more than one of these

Question 8

Match the following structures with the appropriate description.
-distal-most section of small intestine

Accepted Answer

A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum 
A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum

Question 9

Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it.
-brush border

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes 
B) HCl 
C) HCO₃⁻ 
D) mucus 
E) more than one of these 
A) enzymes 
B) HCl 
C) HCO₃⁻ 
D) mucus 
E) more than one of these

Question 10

Match the following structures with the appropriate description.
-section where chyme is processed to remove water and electrolytes, leaving waste products of digestion

Accepted Answer

A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum 
A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum

Question 11

Match the structure or compound to its function.
-hormone that decreases iron absorption

Accepted Answer

A) ezetimibe 
B) ferroportin 
C) hepcidin 
D) DMT1 
E) NPC1L1 
A) ezetimibe 
B) ferroportin 
C) hepcidin 
D) DMT1 
E) NPC1L1

Question 12

Which of the following events does NOT occur when you swallow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiration is inhibited. 
B)  The upper esophageal sphincter closes. 
C)  The epiglottis closes. 
D)  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes. 
A)  Respiration is inhibited. 
B)  The upper esophageal sphincter closes. 
C)  The epiglottis closes. 
D)  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

Question 13

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid that contains

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes. 
B)  bicarbonate. 
C)  bile. 
D)  only proteinases. 
E)  only amylase. 
A)  enzymes. 
B)  bicarbonate. 
C)  bile. 
D)  only proteinases. 
E)  only amylase.

Question 14

Short reflexes of the digestive system are integrated in the ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  central 
B)  enteric 
C)  peripheral 
D)  parasympathetic 
A)  central 
B)  enteric 
C)  peripheral 
D)  parasympathetic

Question 15

________ are pacemakers for slow wave activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Interstitial cells of Cajal 
B)  Intrinsic neuron cells 
C)  Extrinsic neuron cells 
D)  G cells 
E)  Chief cells 
A)  Interstitial cells of Cajal 
B)  Intrinsic neuron cells 
C)  Extrinsic neuron cells 
D)  G cells 
E)  Chief cells

Question 16

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

Accepted Answer

A)  sight, thought, or smell of food. 
B)  entry of food into the stomach. 
C)  entry of chyme into the small intestine. 
D)  entry of chyme into the large intestine. 
E)  release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. 
A)  sight, thought, or smell of food. 
B)  entry of food into the stomach. 
C)  entry of chyme into the small intestine. 
D)  entry of chyme into the large intestine. 
E)  release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.

Question 17

Saliva secretion is primarily a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sympathetic stimulation. 
B)  decreased parasympathetic stimulation. 
C)  increased somatic motor stimulation. 
D)  decreased somatic motor stimulation. 
E)  increased parasympathetic stimulation. 
A)  increased sympathetic stimulation. 
B)  decreased parasympathetic stimulation. 
C)  increased somatic motor stimulation. 
D)  decreased somatic motor stimulation. 
E)  increased parasympathetic stimulation.

Question 18

In one sentence, briefly summarize the generalized function of regulatory peptides secreted by the GI tract.Additionally, list the key GI hormones, spelling them out and also indicating their abbreviations where appropriate.

Accepted Answer

Generally, GI peptides stimulate or inhi

Question 19

Most products of fat digestion are absorbed by

Accepted Answer

A)  capillaries. 
B)  veins. 
C)  lymphatic vessels. 
D)  arterioles. 
A)  capillaries. 
B)  veins. 
C)  lymphatic vessels. 
D)  arterioles.

Question 20

Maltose is broken down by maltase into two molecules of

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  starch. 
D)  amylase. 
A)  galactose. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  starch. 
D)  amylase.

Exam 21: The Digestive System

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

Compare and contrast gastrin, CCK, secretin, GIP, motilin, and glucagon-like peptide 1.In your answer, include the following details for each term: secreted by, target(s), effects, and stimulus for release.

What is the ENS, and when was it discovered? What is its significance, what is its nickname, and what are the characteristics that justify that nickname?

________ are tiny droplets of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts.

After processing in the stomach, the gastric contents are referred to as

Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it. -pancreatic cells

Match the following structures with the appropriate description. -distal-most section of small intestine

Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it. -brush border

Match the following structures with the appropriate description. -section where chyme is processed to remove water and electrolytes, leaving waste products of digestion

Match the structure or compound to its function. -hormone that decreases iron absorption

Which of the following events does NOT occur when you swallow?

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid that contains

Short reflexes of the digestive system are integrated in the ________ nervous system.

________ are pacemakers for slow wave activity.

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

Saliva secretion is primarily a result of

In one sentence, briefly summarize the generalized function of regulatory peptides secreted by the GI tract.Additionally, list the key GI hormones, spelling them out and also indicating their abbreviations where appropriate.

Most products of fat digestion are absorbed by

Maltose is broken down by maltase into two molecules of

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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