Question 1

Match the structure or compound to its function.
-apical transporter for iron absorption

Accepted Answer

A) ezetimibe 
B) ferroportin 
C) hepcidin 
D) DMT1 
E) NPC1L1 
A) ezetimibe 
B) ferroportin 
C) hepcidin 
D) DMT1 
E) NPC1L1

Question 2

Enzymatic digestion of fats involves ________, which breaks down ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase, carbohydrates 
B)  bile, cholesterol 
C)  lipase, triglycerides 
D)  pepsin, proteins 
A)  amylase, carbohydrates 
B)  bile, cholesterol 
C)  lipase, triglycerides 
D)  pepsin, proteins

Question 3

List the key components of bile.Is bile action similar to the action of lipases? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Bile salts, bile pigments, and cholester

Question 4

The subepithelial connective tissue of the GI tract, immediately beneath the epithelium, is the

Accepted Answer

A)  muscularis mucosae. 
B)  lamina propria. 
C)  submucosa. 
D)  serosa. 
E)  submucosal plexus. 
A)  muscularis mucosae. 
B)  lamina propria. 
C)  submucosa. 
D)  serosa. 
E)  submucosal plexus.

Question 5

Cholesterol is absorbed without being digested into smaller pieces.How does this compare to absorption of carbohydrates and proteins? Which characteristic of cholesterol suggests it would be transported by simple diffusion? What is the evidence that transport proteins are involved in cholesterol absorption? Does this discovery rule out transport by simple diffusion? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are digested to monosaccha

Question 6

The largest collection of ________ tissue in the body is the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

Accepted Answer

A)  nervous 
B)  epithelial 
C)  muscle 
D)  lymphoid 
A)  nervous 
B)  epithelial 
C)  muscle 
D)  lymphoid

Question 7

G cells of the stomach secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  cholecystokinin. 
B)  secretin. 
C)  gastrin. 
D)  enterokinase. 
E)  pepsin. 
A)  cholecystokinin. 
B)  secretin. 
C)  gastrin. 
D)  enterokinase. 
E)  pepsin.

Question 8

________ is a protein cofactor secreted by the pancreas that allows lipases access to fats inside the bile salt coating.

Accepted Answer

A)  Phospholipase 
B)  Colipase 
C)  Lipase 
D)  Monoglyceride 
A)  Phospholipase 
B)  Colipase 
C)  Lipase 
D)  Monoglyceride

Question 9

In some severe cases, a person suffering from stomach ulcers may have surgery to cut the branches of the vagus nerve that innervates the stomach.How would this help the problem?

Accepted Answer

The vagus nerve carries neurons of the p

Question 10

Secretion refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  progressive dehydration of indigestible residue. 
B)  input of food into the digestive tract. 
C)  release of substances into the lumen of the gut. 
D)  absorption of nutrients in the gut. 
E)  breakdown of food into particles small enough to cross epithelial cells. 
A)  progressive dehydration of indigestible residue. 
B)  input of food into the digestive tract. 
C)  release of substances into the lumen of the gut. 
D)  absorption of nutrients in the gut. 
E)  breakdown of food into particles small enough to cross epithelial cells.

Question 11

Match the following structures with the appropriate description.
-location of most peptic ulcers

Accepted Answer

A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum 
A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum

Question 12

Map a typical short reflex that might occur in response to ingestion of food.Include on your map the stimuli, afferent sensors, integrating centers, efferent pathways, targets, and tissue responses.

Accepted Answer

Maps will

Question 13

Most absorbed nutrients first enter the blood of the ________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  lymphatic 
B)  hepatic portal 
C)  arterial 
D)  immune 
A)  lymphatic 
B)  hepatic portal 
C)  arterial 
D)  immune

Question 14

Diarrhea often accompanies intestinal infections.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The immune system increases the production of enzymes for added protection. 
B)  Bacterial toxins enhance the secretion of Cl⁻ from the cells, which causes water movement into the intestine. 
C)  Dehydration of the body will kill the bacteria causing the infection. 
D)  Loss of electrolytes will kill bacteria. 
A)  The immune system increases the production of enzymes for added protection. 
B)  Bacterial toxins enhance the secretion of Cl⁻ from the cells, which causes water movement into the intestine. 
C)  Dehydration of the body will kill the bacteria causing the infection. 
D)  Loss of electrolytes will kill bacteria.

Question 15

Match the following structures with their functions.
-location of a smooth muscle band that prevents premature emptying of the stomach

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas 
B) pylorus 
C) rectum 
D) small intestine 
E) stomach 
A) pancreas 
B) pylorus 
C) rectum 
D) small intestine 
E) stomach

Question 16

In response to the acid in the duodenum, the blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  secretin rise. 
B)  cholecystokinin fall. 
C)  gastrin rise. 
D)  enterocrinin fall. 
E)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  secretin rise. 
B)  cholecystokinin fall. 
C)  gastrin rise. 
D)  enterocrinin fall. 
E)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following is the sequence of layers from the lumen to the outer wall of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  serosa, submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa 
B)  submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa 
C)  mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa 
D)  submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa 
E)  mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa 
A)  serosa, submucosa, mucosa, muscularis externa 
B)  submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa 
C)  mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa 
D)  submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa 
E)  mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 18

A possible treatment for Salmonella could involve

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing macrophages. 
B)  increasing lymphocytes. 
C)  blocking M cell receptors. 
D)  activating cytokine receptors. 
A)  increasing macrophages. 
B)  increasing lymphocytes. 
C)  blocking M cell receptors. 
D)  activating cytokine receptors.

Question 19

The ________ is a significant site of absorption of water and electrolytes, but NOT of nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth 
B)  stomach 
C)  small intestine 
D)  large intestine 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  mouth 
B)  stomach 
C)  small intestine 
D)  large intestine 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Bicarbonate secretion

Accepted Answer

A)  neutralizes acid entering from the stomach into the duodenum. 
B)  is secreted by apical Cl⁻-HCO₃⁻ exchanger. 
C)  is not dependent on high levels of carbonic anhydrase to maintain bicarbonate production. 
D)  is secreted by the acinar cells. 
E)  neutralizes acid entering from the stomach into the duodenum and is secreted by apical Cl⁻-HCO₃⁻ exchanger. 
A)  neutralizes acid entering from the stomach into the duodenum. 
B)  is secreted by apical Cl⁻-HCO₃⁻ exchanger. 
C)  is not dependent on high levels of carbonic anhydrase to maintain bicarbonate production. 
D)  is secreted by the acinar cells. 
E)  neutralizes acid entering from the stomach into the duodenum and is secreted by apical Cl⁻-HCO₃⁻ exchanger.

Exam 21: The Digestive System

Match the structure or compound to its function. -apical transporter for iron absorption

Enzymatic digestion of fats involves ________, which breaks down ________.

List the key components of bile.Is bile action similar to the action of lipases? Explain.

The subepithelial connective tissue of the GI tract, immediately beneath the epithelium, is the

The largest collection of ________ tissue in the body is the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

G cells of the stomach secrete

________ is a protein cofactor secreted by the pancreas that allows lipases access to fats inside the bile salt coating.

In some severe cases, a person suffering from stomach ulcers may have surgery to cut the branches of the vagus nerve that innervates the stomach.How would this help the problem?

Secretion refers to the

Match the following structures with the appropriate description. -location of most peptic ulcers

Map a typical short reflex that might occur in response to ingestion of food.Include on your map the stimuli, afferent sensors, integrating centers, efferent pathways, targets, and tissue responses.

Most absorbed nutrients first enter the blood of the ________ system.

Diarrhea often accompanies intestinal infections.Why?

Match the following structures with their functions. -location of a smooth muscle band that prevents premature emptying of the stomach

In response to the acid in the duodenum, the blood levels of

Which of the following is the sequence of layers from the lumen to the outer wall of the digestive tract?

A possible treatment for Salmonella could involve

The ________ is a significant site of absorption of water and electrolytes, but NOT of nutrients.

Bicarbonate secretion

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Enzymatic digestion of fats involves , which breaks down .