Question 1

What are the primary components of a cardiovascular system? What diffusion-related problem is solved by having a cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Primary components are the heart (a pump

Question 2

The heart is encased in a tough membranous sac called the ________.The heart is composed mostly of ________ muscle tissue, called the ________.

Accepted Answer

pericardiu

Question 3

In the autorhythmic cells, the ________ channels open when the cell membrane potential is -60 mV.These channels are permeable to ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the autorhythmic cells, the ________ channels...

Question 4

The depolarization of the pacemaker action potential spreads to adjacent cells through

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions. 
B)  tight junctions. 
C)  chemical synapses. 
D)  desmosomes. 
A)  gap junctions. 
B)  tight junctions. 
C)  chemical synapses. 
D)  desmosomes.

Question 5

Amy is a premed student with a summer job as an animal research technician.One of her duties is to withdraw blood by syringe from the anterior vena cava of pigs, to be analyzed for various hormones.During her training she noticed that most blood samples were very dark in color, but occasionally a sample was bright red.Propose an explanation.

Accepted Answer

Amy misdirected her needle to

Question 6

The end of the plateau phase is due to the ________ of Ca²⁺ channels and ________ of K⁺ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  opening, opening 
B)  closing, closing 
C)  opening, closing 
D)  closing, opening 
A)  opening, opening 
B)  closing, closing 
C)  opening, closing 
D)  closing, opening

Question 7

Compare and contrast the appearance of cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells under the microscope.Continue with an explanation of their similarities and differences in the initiation of their excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms.Finally, end your discussion by comparing their metabolic needs.

Accepted Answer

See Table

Question 8

The muscle layer of the heart wall is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The muscle layer of the heart wall...

Question 9

Match the name of the wave with the correlated event.
-ventricular repolarization

Accepted Answer

A) P wave 
B) QRS complex 
C) T wave 
D) PR segment 
E) ST segment 
A) P wave 
B) QRS complex 
C) T wave 
D) PR segment 
E) ST segment

Question 10

The pressure created in the ventricles is called the ________ pressure because ________.

Accepted Answer

driving, it is the f

Question 11

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described.
-If total cross-sectional area of vessels in an organ remains the same but blood flow to that organ increases, what happens to velocity of blood?

Accepted Answer

A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped 
A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped

Question 12

Match the following terms to the correct answer:
-an AV valve that has three flaps

Accepted Answer

A) tricuspid valve 
B) bicuspid valve 
C) aortic valve 
D) pulmonary valve 
A) tricuspid valve 
B) bicuspid valve 
C) aortic valve 
D) pulmonary valve

Question 13

The sac around the heart is the

Accepted Answer

A)  peritoneum. 
B)  pleural sac. 
C)  pericardium. 
D)  myocardium. 
E)  epicardium. 
A)  peritoneum. 
B)  pleural sac. 
C)  pericardium. 
D)  myocardium. 
E)  epicardium.

Question 14

Explain how Ca²⁺ levels inside myocardial cells are important to cell function.

Accepted Answer

See Figs.

Question 15

The hepatic portal vein carries blood away from the

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive tract. 
B)  liver. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  spleen. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  digestive tract. 
B)  liver. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  spleen. 
E)  pancreas.

Question 16

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described.
-When a blood vessel dilates, resistance through that vessel is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped 
A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped

Question 17

Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle results in

Accepted Answer

A)  the formation of cAMP. 
B)  decreased rate of contraction. 
C)  decreased force of cardiac contraction. 
D)  increased sensitivity to acetylcholine. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the formation of cAMP. 
B)  decreased rate of contraction. 
C)  decreased force of cardiac contraction. 
D)  increased sensitivity to acetylcholine. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

The ECG of a person suffering from complete heart block would show

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased PR interval. 
B)  an inverted P wave. 
C)  no visible T wave. 
D)  a smaller QRS complex. 
E)  more P waves than QRS complexes per minute. 
A)  an increased PR interval. 
B)  an inverted P wave. 
C)  no visible T wave. 
D)  a smaller QRS complex. 
E)  more P waves than QRS complexes per minute.

Question 19

The importance of the plateau phase of the action potential of myocardial cells is in

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing overstretching of the cells. 
B)  enhancing the efficiency of oxygen use by the cells. 
C)  preventing tetanus. 
D)  preventing fibrillation. 
E)  regulating Ca²⁺ availability to the cells. 
A)  preventing overstretching of the cells. 
B)  enhancing the efficiency of oxygen use by the cells. 
C)  preventing tetanus. 
D)  preventing fibrillation. 
E)  regulating Ca²⁺ availability to the cells.

Question 20

Match the name of the wave with the correlated event.
-atrial depolarization

Accepted Answer

A) P wave 
B) QRS complex 
C) T wave 
D) PR segment 
E) ST segment 
A) P wave 
B) QRS complex 
C) T wave 
D) PR segment 
E) ST segment

Exam 14: Cardiovascular Physiology

What are the primary components of a cardiovascular system? What diffusion-related problem is solved by having a cardiovascular system?

The heart is encased in a tough membranous sac called the ________.The heart is composed mostly of ________ muscle tissue, called the ________.

In the autorhythmic cells, the ________ channels open when the cell membrane potential is -60 mV.These channels are permeable to ________ and ________.

The depolarization of the pacemaker action potential spreads to adjacent cells through

The end of the plateau phase is due to the ________ of Ca²⁺ channels and ________ of K⁺ channels.

The muscle layer of the heart wall is the ________.

Match the name of the wave with the correlated event. -ventricular repolarization

The pressure created in the ventricles is called the ________ pressure because ________.

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described. -If total cross-sectional area of vessels in an organ remains the same but blood flow to that organ increases, what happens to velocity of blood?

Match the following terms to the correct answer: -an AV valve that has three flaps

The sac around the heart is the

Explain how Ca²⁺ levels inside myocardial cells are important to cell function.

The hepatic portal vein carries blood away from the

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described. -When a blood vessel dilates, resistance through that vessel is ________.

Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle results in

The ECG of a person suffering from complete heart block would show

The importance of the plateau phase of the action potential of myocardial cells is in

Match the name of the wave with the correlated event. -atrial depolarization

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

The heart is encased in a tough membranous sac called the .The heart is composed mostly of muscle tissue, called the .

In the autorhythmic cells, the channels open when the cell membrane potential is -60 mV.These channels are permeable to and .

The end of the plateau phase is due to the of Ca²⁺ channels and of K⁺ channels.

The pressure created in the ventricles is called the pressure because .