Question 1

Explain the conditions in which the following oncogene protein products may be oncogenic.
-The growth factor EGF

Accepted Answer

When it is produced by the same cell that has active receptors for EGF, thereby creating an autocrine (positive) feedback system to stimulate cell proliferation

Question 2

Cancer cells can acquire the capacity for unlimited growth by turning on the gene for _______.

Accepted Answer

telomerase

Question 3

Drugs that inhibit general expression or function of an oncogene will

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit division of tumor cells only. 
B)  kill tumor cells only. 
C)  kill tumor cells as well as normal cells. 
D)  inhibit cell division of tumor cells and normal cells. 
A)  inhibit division of tumor cells only. 
B)  kill tumor cells only. 
C)  kill tumor cells as well as normal cells. 
D)  inhibit cell division of tumor cells and normal cells. D

Question 4

Translocation of a gene can produce a fusion product with uncontrolled protein kinase activity. An example of this type of fusion protein is

Accepted Answer

A)  Tel/PDGFR. 
B)  Myc/Max. 
C)  Fos/Jun. 
D)  ErbB/Ras. 
A)  Tel/PDGFR. 
B)  Myc/Max. 
C)  Fos/Jun. 
D)  ErbB/Ras.

Question 5

The PDGF receptor is a proto-oncogene (a normal cellular gene that becomes oncogenic when mutated). Which statement about the PDGF receptor is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oncogenic mutation occurs at the intracellular amino terminal end of the receptors. 
B)  The oncogenic mutation constitutively represses the intracellular kinase activity of the protein. 
C)  The oncogenic mutation generates a receptor that is no longer dependent on ligand for activation. 
D)  The PDGF protein monomer activates cell proliferation via tyrosine kinase activity. 
A)  The oncogenic mutation occurs at the intracellular amino terminal end of the receptors. 
B)  The oncogenic mutation constitutively represses the intracellular kinase activity of the protein. 
C)  The oncogenic mutation generates a receptor that is no longer dependent on ligand for activation. 
D)  The PDGF protein monomer activates cell proliferation via tyrosine kinase activity.

Question 6

The ras proto-oncogene can become an oncogene by a single point mutation that alters its protein product to have _______ activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  more GTPase 
B)  constitutive Raf-activation 
C)  greater nucleotide exchange 
D)  less nucleotide exchange 
A)  more GTPase 
B)  constitutive Raf-activation 
C)  greater nucleotide exchange 
D)  less nucleotide exchange

Question 7

Oncogenes were first discovered in

Accepted Answer

A)  a chicken retrovirus. 
B)  a human DNA virus. 
C)  mouse cancer cells. 
D)  human cancer cells. 
A)  a chicken retrovirus. 
B)  a human DNA virus. 
C)  mouse cancer cells. 
D)  human cancer cells.

Question 8

Compared to their normal counterparts, leukemic cells

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to differentiate. 
B)  fail to proliferate. 
C)  fail to undergo apoptosis. 
D)  induce widespread apoptosis. 
A)  continue to differentiate. 
B)  fail to proliferate. 
C)  fail to undergo apoptosis. 
D)  induce widespread apoptosis.

Question 9

Asbestos increases the risk of mesothelioma and lung cancer because it

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits differentiation. 
B)  causes DNA damage. 
C)  turns on the BRCA oncogenes. 
D)  acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation. 
A)  inhibits differentiation. 
B)  causes DNA damage. 
C)  turns on the BRCA oncogenes. 
D)  acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation.

Question 10

Explain the conditions in which the following oncogene protein products may be oncogenic.
-The transcription factors Myc, Fos, or Jun

Accepted Answer

When they are expressed at hig

Question 11

The RNA viruses that most commonly pick up cellular oncogenes are the

Accepted Answer

A)  adenoviruses. 
B)  retroviruses. 
C)  papilloma viruses. 
D)  HIV viruses. 
A)  adenoviruses. 
B)  retroviruses. 
C)  papilloma viruses. 
D)  HIV viruses.

Question 12

The first tumor suppressor gene was identified in studies of which human tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Burkitt's lymphoma 
B)  Retinoblastoma 
C)  Glioblastoma 
D)  Promyelocytic leukemia 
A)  Burkitt's lymphoma 
B)  Retinoblastoma 
C)  Glioblastoma 
D)  Promyelocytic leukemia

Question 13

p53 induces apoptosis by

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivating a growth factor receptor. 
B)  activating transcription of a Bcl-2 family member. 
C)  activating transcription of a caspase. 
D)  directly activating a caspase. 
A)  inactivating a growth factor receptor. 
B)  activating transcription of a Bcl-2 family member. 
C)  activating transcription of a caspase. 
D)  directly activating a caspase.

Question 14

Ultraviolet radiation increases the likelihood of a cell becoming malignant primarily because UV radiation

Accepted Answer

A)  induces melanocytes to express more melanin. 
B)  breaks DNA into fragments. 
C)  makes RNA polymerase more error-prone. 
D)  causes DNA damage that leads to mutations. 
A)  induces melanocytes to express more melanin. 
B)  breaks DNA into fragments. 
C)  makes RNA polymerase more error-prone. 
D)  causes DNA damage that leads to mutations.

Question 15

The protein encoded by the PTEN gene acts as a tumor suppressor by

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylating p53 and increasing its proapoptotic activity. 
B)  antagonizing CDK4, 6/cyclin D activity to activate the G1 cell cycle restriction point. 
C)  dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-bisphosphate, thus antagonizing PI 3 kinase/Akt activity. 
D)  increasing expression of BRCA1 to protect cells against DNA damage. 
A)  phosphorylating p53 and increasing its proapoptotic activity. 
B)  antagonizing CDK4, 6/cyclin D activity to activate the G1 cell cycle restriction point. 
C)  dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-bisphosphate, thus antagonizing PI 3 kinase/Akt activity. 
D)  increasing expression of BRCA1 to protect cells against DNA damage.

Question 16

Viruses do not induce tumors in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is the likely reason that antiangiogenic therapies hold so much promise for treatment of tumors?

Accepted Answer

Without angiogenesis, tumors would be li

Question 18

The translocation that places the transcription factor Tel at the amino terminus of the PDGF receptor converts PDGFR to an oncogene by

Accepted Answer

A)  constitutive repression of the fusion protein. 
B)  forming Tel dimers that produce unregulated signals for proliferation. 
C)  activating the tyrosine kinase domain in monomeric form. 
D)  increasing the transcriptional activation capability of Tel. 
A)  constitutive repression of the fusion protein. 
B)  forming Tel dimers that produce unregulated signals for proliferation. 
C)  activating the tyrosine kinase domain in monomeric form. 
D)  increasing the transcriptional activation capability of Tel.

Question 19

In some cases, tumors support their unrestricted proliferation producing a growth factor that they also respond to. This mechanism is called _______ signaling.

Accepted Answer

A)  endocrine 
B)  juxtacrine 
C)  autocrine 
D)  paracrine 
A)  endocrine 
B)  juxtacrine 
C)  autocrine 
D)  paracrine

Question 20

Which characteristic is commonly the same in both normal cells and cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Density-dependent inhibition of proliferation 
B)  Contact inhibition of migration 
C)  Growth factor requirements 
D)  Dependence on oxygen and nutrients 
A)  Density-dependent inhibition of proliferation 
B)  Contact inhibition of migration 
C)  Growth factor requirements 
D)  Dependence on oxygen and nutrients

Explain the conditions in which the following oncogene protein products may be oncogenic. -The growth factor EGF

Cancer cells can acquire the capacity for unlimited growth by turning on the gene for _______.

Drugs that inhibit general expression or function of an oncogene will

Translocation of a gene can produce a fusion product with uncontrolled protein kinase activity. An example of this type of fusion protein is

The PDGF receptor is a proto-oncogene (a normal cellular gene that becomes oncogenic when mutated). Which statement about the PDGF receptor is true?

The ras proto-oncogene can become an oncogene by a single point mutation that alters its protein product to have _______ activity.

Oncogenes were first discovered in

Compared to their normal counterparts, leukemic cells

Asbestos increases the risk of mesothelioma and lung cancer because it

Explain the conditions in which the following oncogene protein products may be oncogenic. -The transcription factors Myc, Fos, or Jun

The RNA viruses that most commonly pick up cellular oncogenes are the

The first tumor suppressor gene was identified in studies of which human tumor?

p53 induces apoptosis by

Ultraviolet radiation increases the likelihood of a cell becoming malignant primarily because UV radiation

The protein encoded by the PTEN gene acts as a tumor suppressor by

Viruses do not induce tumors in humans.

What is the likely reason that antiangiogenic therapies hold so much promise for treatment of tumors?

The translocation that places the transcription factor Tel at the amino terminus of the PDGF receptor converts PDGFR to an oncogene by

In some cases, tumors support their unrestricted proliferation producing a growth factor that they also respond to. This mechanism is called _______ signaling.

Which characteristic is commonly the same in both normal cells and cancer cells?

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

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Exam 20: Cancer

Explain the conditions in which the following oncogene protein products may be oncogenic. -The growth factor EGF

Cancer cells can acquire the capacity for unlimited growth by turning on the gene for _______.

Drugs that inhibit general expression or function of an oncogene will

Translocation of a gene can produce a fusion product with uncontrolled protein kinase activity. An example of this type of fusion protein is

The PDGF receptor is a proto-oncogene (a normal cellular gene that becomes oncogenic when mutated). Which statement about the PDGF receptor is true?

The ras proto-oncogene can become an oncogene by a single point mutation that alters its protein product to have _______ activity.

Oncogenes were first discovered in

Compared to their normal counterparts, leukemic cells

Asbestos increases the risk of mesothelioma and lung cancer because it

Explain the conditions in which the following oncogene protein products may be oncogenic. -The transcription factors Myc, Fos, or Jun

The RNA viruses that most commonly pick up cellular oncogenes are the

The first tumor suppressor gene was identified in studies of which human tumor?

p53 induces apoptosis by

Ultraviolet radiation increases the likelihood of a cell becoming malignant primarily because UV radiation

The protein encoded by the PTEN gene acts as a tumor suppressor by

Viruses do not induce tumors in humans.

What is the likely reason that antiangiogenic therapies hold so much promise for treatment of tumors?

The translocation that places the transcription factor Tel at the amino terminus of the PDGF receptor converts PDGFR to an oncogene by

In some cases, tumors support their unrestricted proliferation producing a growth factor that they also respond to. This mechanism is called _______ signaling.

Which characteristic is commonly the same in both normal cells and cancer cells?

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

The Cell Cycle

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Filters