Question 1

Opioid drugs exert their effects on afferent pain pathways by binding to neuronal receptors that in turn

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease transmitter release from presynaptic terminals 
B)  decrease excitability (hyperpolarize) postsynaptic neurons 
C)  decrease production of endogenous chemicals known as catecholamines 
D)  all the above are true 
E)  A and B only are true 
A)  decrease transmitter release from presynaptic terminals 
B)  decrease excitability (hyperpolarize) postsynaptic neurons 
C)  decrease production of endogenous chemicals known as catecholamines 
D)  all the above are true 
E)  A and B only are true E

Question 2

Preliminary studies on animals suggest that opioids can exert analgesic effects when administered directly into peripheral tissues (e.g.,injected into an inflamed joint)because

Accepted Answer

A)  opioids decrease the production of inflammatory substances in peripheral tissues 
B)  opioids increase vasodilation in peripheral tissues 
C)  opioids cause vasoconstriction in peripheral tissues 
D)  opioids may bind to receptors located on the distal (peripheral) ends of primary afferent (sensory) neurons. 
E)  there is no evidence that opioids can produce analgesic effects outside to the CNS 
A)  opioids decrease the production of inflammatory substances in peripheral tissues 
B)  opioids increase vasodilation in peripheral tissues 
C)  opioids cause vasoconstriction in peripheral tissues 
D)  opioids may bind to receptors located on the distal (peripheral) ends of primary afferent (sensory) neurons. 
E)  there is no evidence that opioids can produce analgesic effects outside to the CNS D

Question 3

By blocking all opioid receptors,opioid antagonists such as nalmefene and naloxone are used primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  treat severe, acute postoperative pain 
B)  treat severe chronic pain 
C)  treat opioid overdose 
D)  treat diarrhea 
E)  opioid antagonists have no therapeutic value 
A)  treat severe, acute postoperative pain 
B)  treat severe chronic pain 
C)  treat opioid overdose 
D)  treat diarrhea 
E)  opioid antagonists have no therapeutic value C

Question 4

Drugs such as butorphanol,nalbuphine,and pentazocine may stimulate certain opioid receptors while blocking or only partially activating other receptors.These drugs

Accepted Answer

A)  may produce adequate analgesia with less risk of side effects such as respiratory depression 
B)  may have fewer addictive qualities than strong opioids such as morphine 
C)  may produce more psychotropic effects (hallucinations, vivid dreams) than other opioids 
D)  are known as mixed agonist-antagonists 
E)  all the above are true 
A)  may produce adequate analgesia with less risk of side effects such as respiratory depression 
B)  may have fewer addictive qualities than strong opioids such as morphine 
C)  may produce more psychotropic effects (hallucinations, vivid dreams) than other opioids 
D)  are known as mixed agonist-antagonists 
E)  all the above are true

Question 5

Methadone is often used to treat opioid addiction because methadone

Accepted Answer

A)  is a strong opioid antagonist 
B)  has much more severe withdrawal symptoms than other opioids 
C)  has opioid-like effects even though methadone is not an opioid 
D)  methadone does not cross the blood-brain barrier 
E)  none of the above are true 
A)  is a strong opioid antagonist 
B)  has much more severe withdrawal symptoms than other opioids 
C)  has opioid-like effects even though methadone is not an opioid 
D)  methadone does not cross the blood-brain barrier 
E)  none of the above are true

Question 6

Opioid analgesics are also known commonly as _______ because they tend to have sedative or sleep-inducing side effects and high doses can produce a state of unresponsiveness and stupor.

Accepted Answer

A)  narcotics 
B)  narcoleptics 
C)  neuroleptics 
D)  naturopathics 
E)  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 
A)  narcotics 
B)  narcoleptics 
C)  neuroleptics 
D)  naturopathics 
E)  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 7

In addition to their use as analgesics,opioid drugs can also be administered

Accepted Answer

A)  as a preoperative medication 
B)  as a general anesthetic 
C)  as a cough suppressant 
D)  to treat severe diarrhea 
E)  all the above are true 
A)  as a preoperative medication 
B)  as a general anesthetic 
C)  as a cough suppressant 
D)  to treat severe diarrhea 
E)  all the above are true

Question 8

When used to treat pain,opioids can be administered by all of the following routes EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  inhalation 
B)  intravenously 
C)  intrathecally 
D)  transdermally 
E)  orally 
A)  inhalation 
B)  intravenously 
C)  intrathecally 
D)  transdermally 
E)  orally

Question 9

Certain patients can develop "tolerance" to opioid analgesics,which is indicated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the onset of withdrawal symptoms if the drug is suddenly discontinued 
B)  the fact that the patient may still crave the drug several years after he/she has ceased taking it 
C)  the need to progressively increase the dosage of the drug to achieve a therapeutic effect when the drug is used for prolonged periods 
D)  all the above are true 
E)  none of the above are true 
A)  the onset of withdrawal symptoms if the drug is suddenly discontinued 
B)  the fact that the patient may still crave the drug several years after he/she has ceased taking it 
C)  the need to progressively increase the dosage of the drug to achieve a therapeutic effect when the drug is used for prolonged periods 
D)  all the above are true 
E)  none of the above are true

Question 10

The onset of withdrawal symptoms (body aches,shivering,sweating,and so forth)after sudden discontinuation of opioid analgesics is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  drug tolerance 
B)  physical dependence 
C)  psychological dependence 
D)  anaphylaxis 
E)  drug intolerance 
A)  drug tolerance 
B)  physical dependence 
C)  psychological dependence 
D)  anaphylaxis 
E)  drug intolerance

Question 11

The source of the naturally occurring opioid (narcotic)analgesics is

Accepted Answer

A)  the foxglove plant 
B)  the opium poppy 
C)  St Johns wort 
D)  leaves from the gingko tree 
E)  opioid analgesics cannot be derived from natural sources 
A)  the foxglove plant 
B)  the opium poppy 
C)  St Johns wort 
D)  leaves from the gingko tree 
E)  opioid analgesics cannot be derived from natural sources

Question 12

Morphine and many other powerful opioids exert their primary analgesic effects by binding to the

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha adrenergic receptor 
B)  beta adrenergic receptor 
C)  beta opioid receptor 
D)  alpha opioid receptor 
E)  mu opioid receptor 
A)  alpha adrenergic receptor 
B)  beta adrenergic receptor 
C)  beta opioid receptor 
D)  alpha opioid receptor 
E)  mu opioid receptor

Question 13

Opioid drugs exert their analgesics effects by binding to the same receptors as

Accepted Answer

A)  the catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) 
B)  glucocorticoids (cortisol) 
C)  anabolic steroids (testosterone) 
D)  endogenous opioids (endorphins, enkephalins) 
E)  insulin-like growth factor 
A)  the catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) 
B)  glucocorticoids (cortisol) 
C)  anabolic steroids (testosterone) 
D)  endogenous opioids (endorphins, enkephalins) 
E)  insulin-like growth factor

Question 14

Certain patients may fail to respond to opioids or may report increased pain (hyperalgesia)when given opioid drugs.This opioid-induced hyperalgesia is likely due _____ in nociceptive pathways in susceptible patients.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity of glutamate 
B)  decreased activity of substance P 
C)  increased activity of GABA 
D)  decreased activity of acetylcholine 
E)  opioids never cause increased pain when administered in clinical situations 
A)  increased activity of glutamate 
B)  decreased activity of substance P 
C)  increased activity of GABA 
D)  decreased activity of acetylcholine 
E)  opioids never cause increased pain when administered in clinical situations

Question 15

Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with opioid drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  sedation 
B)  increased respiration 
C)  constipation 
D)  orthostatic hypotension 
E)  mood changes (euphoria) 
A)  sedation 
B)  increased respiration 
C)  constipation 
D)  orthostatic hypotension 
E)  mood changes (euphoria)

Exam 14: Opioid Analgesics

Opioid drugs exert their effects on afferent pain pathways by binding to neuronal receptors that in turn

Preliminary studies on animals suggest that opioids can exert analgesic effects when administered directly into peripheral tissues (e.g.,injected into an inflamed joint)because

By blocking all opioid receptors,opioid antagonists such as nalmefene and naloxone are used primarily to

Drugs such as butorphanol,nalbuphine,and pentazocine may stimulate certain opioid receptors while blocking or only partially activating other receptors.These drugs

Methadone is often used to treat opioid addiction because methadone

Opioid analgesics are also known commonly as _______ because they tend to have sedative or sleep-inducing side effects and high doses can produce a state of unresponsiveness and stupor.

In addition to their use as analgesics,opioid drugs can also be administered

When used to treat pain,opioids can be administered by all of the following routes EXCEPT

Certain patients can develop "tolerance" to opioid analgesics,which is indicated by

The onset of withdrawal symptoms (body aches,shivering,sweating,and so forth)after sudden discontinuation of opioid analgesics is an example of

The source of the naturally occurring opioid (narcotic)analgesics is

Morphine and many other powerful opioids exert their primary analgesic effects by binding to the

Opioid drugs exert their analgesics effects by binding to the same receptors as

Certain patients may fail to respond to opioids or may report increased pain (hyperalgesia)when given opioid drugs.This opioid-induced hyperalgesia is likely due _____ in nociceptive pathways in susceptible patients.

Which of the following side effects is NOT associated with opioid drugs?

Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics IDrug Administration,Absorption,and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics II: Drug Elimination

Drug Receptors

General Principles of Central Nervous System Pharmacology

Sedative Hypnotic and Anti-anxiety Agents

Drugs to Treat Affective Disorders Depression and Bipolar Syndrome

Antipsychotic Drugs

Antiepileptic Drugs

Pharmacologic Management of Parkinson Disease

General Anesthetics

Local Anesthetics

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Non-steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs

Pharmacologic Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Patient Controlled Analgesia

Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology

Cholinergic Drugs

Adrenergic Drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Treatment of Angina Pectoris

Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure

Treatment of Coagulation Disorders and Hyperlipidemia

Respiratory Drugs

Gastrointestinal Drugs

Introduction to Endocrine Pharmacology

Adrenocorticosteroids

Male and Female Hormones

Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs: Agents Affecting Bone Mineralization

Pancreatic Hormones and the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment of Infections I: Antibacterial Drugs

Treatment of Infections II: Antiviral Drugs

Treatment of Infections III: Antifungal and Antiparasitic Drugs

Cancer Chemotherapy

Immunomodulating Agents

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