Question 1

If botulinum toxin reaches the systemic circulation,it can cause toxic effects as indicated by

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized muscle weakness 
B)  difficulty speaking 
C)  difficulty swallowing 
D)  respiratory distress 
E)  all the above 
A)  generalized muscle weakness 
B)  difficulty speaking 
C)  difficulty swallowing 
D)  respiratory distress 
E)  all the above E

Question 2

Long term use of diazepam (Valium)as a muscle relaxant is often limited due to problems with

Accepted Answer

A)  sedation 
B)  tolerance 
C)  physical dependence 
D)  all the above are true 
E)  none of the above are true 
A)  sedation 
B)  tolerance 
C)  physical dependence 
D)  all the above are true 
E)  none of the above are true D

Question 3

Muscle relaxant effects of botulinum toxin appear to diminish or wear off after several months because

Accepted Answer

A)  the immune system destroys the toxin 
B)  the muscle hypertrophies and generates more muscle fibers 
C)  a new presynaptic terminal "sprouts" from the axon was originally affected by the toxin 
D)  the liver metabolizes the toxin 
E)  the toxin is excreted intact in the urine 
A)  the immune system destroys the toxin 
B)  the muscle hypertrophies and generates more muscle fibers 
C)  a new presynaptic terminal "sprouts" from the axon was originally affected by the toxin 
D)  the liver metabolizes the toxin 
E)  the toxin is excreted intact in the urine C

Question 4

The drug that inhibits spasticity by selectively inhibiting calcium release from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is

Accepted Answer

A)  diazepam 
B)  baclofen 
C)  dantrolene sodium 
D)  tizanidine 
E)  botulinum toxin 
A)  diazepam 
B)  baclofen 
C)  dantrolene sodium 
D)  tizanidine 
E)  botulinum toxin

Question 5

The muscle relaxant that directly inhibits acetylcholine release from presynaptic terminals at the skeletal neuromuscular junction is

Accepted Answer

A)  baclofen 
B)  botulinum toxin 
C)  dantrolene sodium 
D)  tizanidine 
E)  none of the above are true 
A)  baclofen 
B)  botulinum toxin 
C)  dantrolene sodium 
D)  tizanidine 
E)  none of the above are true

Question 6

Botulinum toxin is used to treat spasticity by injecting this drug

Accepted Answer

A)  intravenously 
B)  intrathecally 
C)  subcutaneously 
D)  directly into the spastic muscle 
E)  none of the above are true; botulinum toxin is not used to treat spasticity 
A)  intravenously 
B)  intrathecally 
C)  subcutaneously 
D)  directly into the spastic muscle 
E)  none of the above are true; botulinum toxin is not used to treat spasticity

Question 7

Centrally-acting antispasm drugs such as cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)and carisoprodol (Soma)were originally thought to inhibit polysynaptic reflexes in the spinal cord (polysynaptic inhibitors)but these drugs most likely work by producing

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction 
B)  decreased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  generalized sedation in the CNS 
D)  inhibition of myosin ATPase activity 
E)  increased vasodilation of skeletal muscle vasculature 
A)  decreased acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction 
B)  decreased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  generalized sedation in the CNS 
D)  inhibition of myosin ATPase activity 
E)  increased vasodilation of skeletal muscle vasculature

Question 8

Diazepam (Valium)appears to work as a muscle relaxant by increasing the inhibitory effect of ____ on alpha motor neuron activity in the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 
E)  gamma amino-butyric acid (GAB
A)  
A)  norepinephrine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  acetylcholine 
D)  5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 
E)  gamma amino-butyric acid (GAB
A)

Question 9

Tizanidine (Zanaflex)may help reduce spasticity in some patients by ______ receptors in the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating alpha-1 
B)  inhibiting alpha-1 
C)  stimulating alpha-2 
D)  inhibiting alpha-2 
E)  stimulating GABA 
A)  stimulating alpha-1 
B)  inhibiting alpha-1 
C)  stimulating alpha-2 
D)  inhibiting alpha-2 
E)  stimulating GABA

Question 10

Intrathecal administration of baclofen typically refers to drug delivery into

Accepted Answer

A)  the epidural space 
B)  the subarachnoid space 
C)  a sympathetic chain ganglion 
D)  the third ventricle of the brain 
E)  the gray matter of the spinal cord 
A)  the epidural space 
B)  the subarachnoid space 
C)  a sympathetic chain ganglion 
D)  the third ventricle of the brain 
E)  the gray matter of the spinal cord

Exam 13: Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

If botulinum toxin reaches the systemic circulation,it can cause toxic effects as indicated by

Long term use of diazepam (Valium)as a muscle relaxant is often limited due to problems with

Muscle relaxant effects of botulinum toxin appear to diminish or wear off after several months because

The drug that inhibits spasticity by selectively inhibiting calcium release from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is

The muscle relaxant that directly inhibits acetylcholine release from presynaptic terminals at the skeletal neuromuscular junction is

Botulinum toxin is used to treat spasticity by injecting this drug

Centrally-acting antispasm drugs such as cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)and carisoprodol (Soma)were originally thought to inhibit polysynaptic reflexes in the spinal cord (polysynaptic inhibitors)but these drugs most likely work by producing

Diazepam (Valium)appears to work as a muscle relaxant by increasing the inhibitory effect of ____ on alpha motor neuron activity in the spinal cord.

Tizanidine (Zanaflex)may help reduce spasticity in some patients by ______ receptors in the spinal cord.

Intrathecal administration of baclofen typically refers to drug delivery into

Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics IDrug Administration,Absorption,and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics II: Drug Elimination

Drug Receptors

General Principles of Central Nervous System Pharmacology

Sedative Hypnotic and Anti-anxiety Agents

Drugs to Treat Affective Disorders Depression and Bipolar Syndrome

Antipsychotic Drugs

Antiepileptic Drugs

Pharmacologic Management of Parkinson Disease

General Anesthetics

Local Anesthetics

Opioid Analgesics

Non-steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs

Pharmacologic Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Patient Controlled Analgesia

Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology

Cholinergic Drugs

Adrenergic Drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Treatment of Angina Pectoris

Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure

Treatment of Coagulation Disorders and Hyperlipidemia

Respiratory Drugs

Gastrointestinal Drugs

Introduction to Endocrine Pharmacology

Adrenocorticosteroids

Male and Female Hormones

Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs: Agents Affecting Bone Mineralization

Pancreatic Hormones and the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment of Infections I: Antibacterial Drugs

Treatment of Infections II: Antiviral Drugs

Treatment of Infections III: Antifungal and Antiparasitic Drugs

Cancer Chemotherapy

Immunomodulating Agents

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