Question 1

Which of the following categories of agents may be used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diuretic agents 
B)  β-Adrenergic blocking agents 
C)  α1-Adrenergic blocking agents 
D)  Calcium channel blocking agents 
A)  Diuretic agents 
B)  β-Adrenergic blocking agents 
C)  α1-Adrenergic blocking agents 
D)  Calcium channel blocking agents

Question 2

Treatment with all of the following agents is associated with development of gingival hypertrophy except which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Verapamil 
B)  Phenytoin 
C)  Clonidine 
D)  Felodipine 
A)  Verapamil 
B)  Phenytoin 
C)  Clonidine 
D)  Felodipine

Question 3

Which of the following is true concerning what research has shown regarding the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Studies have shown a very strong positive correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. 
B)  Studies have shown a weak but positive correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. 
C)  Studies both support and reject the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. 
D)  Studies have shown there is no correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. 
A)  Studies have shown a very strong positive correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. 
B)  Studies have shown a weak but positive correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. 
C)  Studies both support and reject the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. 
D)  Studies have shown there is no correlation between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease.

Question 4

Which of the following agents is an a₁-adrenergic receptor antagonist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amlodipine (Norvasc) 
B)  Benazepril (Lotensin) 
C)  Candesartan (Atacand) 
D)  Terazosin (Hytrin) 
E)  Atenolol (Tenormin) 
A)  Amlodipine (Norvasc) 
B)  Benazepril (Lotensin) 
C)  Candesartan (Atacand) 
D)  Terazosin (Hytrin) 
E)  Atenolol (Tenormin)

Question 5

All of the following effects are characteristic of channel-blocking agents except which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduction in afterload on the heart 
B)  Inhibition of calcium flux through L-type channels 
C)  Decrease in cardiac contractility 
D)  Orthostatic hypotension 
E)  Peripheral edema 
A)  Reduction in afterload on the heart 
B)  Inhibition of calcium flux through L-type channels 
C)  Decrease in cardiac contractility 
D)  Orthostatic hypotension 
E)  Peripheral edema

Question 6

Niacin works by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. 
B)  inhibiting the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. 
C)  inhibiting the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)without accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. 
D)  increasing lipolysis of triglycerides, decreasing lipolysis in adipose tissue, and inhibiting secretions of VLDLs from the liver. 
A)  inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. 
B)  inhibiting the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. 
C)  inhibiting the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)without accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. 
D)  increasing lipolysis of triglycerides, decreasing lipolysis in adipose tissue, and inhibiting secretions of VLDLs from the liver.

Question 7

Which of the following is the most important dental drug interaction with the thiazide diuretics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aspirin 
B)  Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 
C)  Penicillin 
D)  Chlorhexidine 
A)  Aspirin 
B)  Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 
C)  Penicillin 
D)  Chlorhexidine

Question 8

Before administering nitroglycerine (NTG), the dental team should make sure that the patient has not used a _____ within the past 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenothiazine 
B)  PDE5 inhibitor 
C)  ranolazine 
D)  guanethidine 
A)  phenothiazine 
B)  PDE5 inhibitor 
C)  ranolazine 
D)  guanethidine

Question 9

Which of the following is the first choice of therapy for most patients with atherosclerotic heart disease and elevated cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fenofibrate 
B)  Niacin 
C)  Cholestipol (Colesevelam) 
D)  Omega-3 fish oil 
E)  3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor 
A)  Fenofibrate 
B)  Niacin 
C)  Cholestipol (Colesevelam) 
D)  Omega-3 fish oil 
E)  3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor

Question 10

Nonselective b-blockers can have a drug interaction with epinephrine, causing a two- to fourfold increase in vasopressor response. A gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine may be used, however.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 11

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)end with the suffix:

Accepted Answer

A)  -olol. 
B)  -dipine. 
C)  -pril. 
D)  -artan. 
A)  -olol. 
B)  -dipine. 
C)  -pril. 
D)  -artan.

Question 12

Which class of agents is of special benefit to diabetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  β-Adrenergic blockers 
B)  Calcium channel blocker (CC
B)  
C)  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) 
D)  Anticholinergics 
A)  β-Adrenergic blockers 
B)  Calcium channel blocker (CC
B)  
C)  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) 
D)  Anticholinergics

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding digitalis glycosides (digoxin, Lanoxin, Digitek)? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Can reduce pulmonary edema 
B)  Increases contractility of the heart 
C)  Have a narrow therapeutic index 
D)  Is considered a first-line therapy for the treatment of heart failure (HF) 
E)  Causes diuresis due to a direct effect on the kidneys. 
A)  Can reduce pulmonary edema 
B)  Increases contractility of the heart 
C)  Have a narrow therapeutic index 
D)  Is considered a first-line therapy for the treatment of heart failure (HF) 
E)  Causes diuresis due to a direct effect on the kidneys.

Question 14

Diuretics can produce _____, which can predispose a patient to serious arrhythmias. (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkalemia 
B)  hypokalemia 
C)  hyperuricemia 
D)  hypouricemia 
A)  hyperkalemia 
B)  hypokalemia 
C)  hyperuricemia 
D)  hypouricemia

Question 15

Which of the following statement is true concerning the use of b-adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

A)  These drugs block the g response to catecholamine stimulation, thereby reducing both the chronotropic and inotropic effects. 
B)  β-adrenergic blockers are effective in reducing exercise but not stress-induced anginal episodes. 
C)  Adverse effects of β-adrenergic blocking agents include tachycardia, headache, and excessive salivation. 
D)  The net result of the use of β-adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of angina pectoris is a reduced myocardial oxygen demand. 
A)  These drugs block the g response to catecholamine stimulation, thereby reducing both the chronotropic and inotropic effects. 
B)  β-adrenergic blockers are effective in reducing exercise but not stress-induced anginal episodes. 
C)  Adverse effects of β-adrenergic blocking agents include tachycardia, headache, and excessive salivation. 
D)  The net result of the use of β-adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of angina pectoris is a reduced myocardial oxygen demand.

Question 16

Which of the following agents has the most serious drug interaction with warfarin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Omeprazole 
B)  Aspirin 
C)  Digitalis 
D)  Lomotil 
A)  Omeprazole 
B)  Aspirin 
C)  Digitalis 
D)  Lomotil

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true concerning hyperlipidemia and cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperlipidemia includes elevations in cholesterol or triglycerides and is associated with the development of arteriosclerosis. 
B)  High-density lipoprotein (HDL)is good cholesterol. 
C)  Foam cells become filled with lipid. 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
E)  Both b and c are correct. 
A)  Hyperlipidemia includes elevations in cholesterol or triglycerides and is associated with the development of arteriosclerosis. 
B)  High-density lipoprotein (HDL)is good cholesterol. 
C)  Foam cells become filled with lipid. 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
E)  Both b and c are correct.

Question 18

Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can decrease fasting triglyceride concentrations by:

Accepted Answer

A)  5% to 10%. 
B)  10% to 20%. 
C)  20% to 50%. 
D)  50% to 70%. 
A)  5% to 10%. 
B)  10% to 20%. 
C)  20% to 50%. 
D)  50% to 70%.

Question 19

α-Methyldopa and clonidine act in the central nervous system (CNS)as a-adrenergic antagonists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin)may experience interactions with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenobarbital 
B)  Erythromycin 
C)  Aspirin 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Phenobarbital 
B)  Erythromycin 
C)  Aspirin 
D)  All of the above

Exam 14: Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

Which of the following categories of agents may be used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Treatment with all of the following agents is associated with development of gingival hypertrophy except which one?

Which of the following is true concerning what research has shown regarding the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease?

Which of the following agents is an a₁-adrenergic receptor antagonist?

All of the following effects are characteristic of channel-blocking agents except which one?

Niacin works by:

Which of the following is the most important dental drug interaction with the thiazide diuretics?

Before administering nitroglycerine (NTG), the dental team should make sure that the patient has not used a _____ within the past 24 hours.

Which of the following is the first choice of therapy for most patients with atherosclerotic heart disease and elevated cholesterol levels?

Nonselective b-blockers can have a drug interaction with epinephrine, causing a two- to fourfold increase in vasopressor response. A gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine may be used, however.

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)end with the suffix:

Which class of agents is of special benefit to diabetics?

Which of the following is true regarding digitalis glycosides (digoxin, Lanoxin, Digitek)? (Select all that apply.)

Diuretics can produce _____, which can predispose a patient to serious arrhythmias. (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following statement is true concerning the use of b-adrenergic blocking agents for the treatment of angina pectoris?

Which of the following agents has the most serious drug interaction with warfarin?

Which of the following statements is true concerning hyperlipidemia and cholesterol?

Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can decrease fasting triglyceride concentrations by:

α-Methyldopa and clonidine act in the central nervous system (CNS)as a-adrenergic antagonists.

A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin)may experience interactions with which of the following?

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