Question 1

Adrenocorticosteroids are released from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  adrenal cortex. 
C)  pituitary gland. 
D)  adrenal medulla. 
E)  kidney. 
A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  adrenal cortex. 
C)  pituitary gland. 
D)  adrenal medulla. 
E)  kidney. B

Question 2

ACTH is secreted from the _____ in response to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus, stress 
B)  adrenal cortex, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
C)  adrenal cortex, stress 
D)  hypothalamus, hydrocortisone 
E)  pituitary gland, CRH 
A)  hypothalamus, stress 
B)  adrenal cortex, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
C)  adrenal cortex, stress 
D)  hypothalamus, hydrocortisone 
E)  pituitary gland, CRH E

Question 3

Glucocorticoids cause an increase in the circulating levels of which of the following white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  T lymphocytes 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Basophils 
E)  Monocytes 
A)  T lymphocytes 
B)  B lymphocytes 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Basophils 
E)  Monocytes C

Question 4

Of the following agents listed, which is the most potent in glucocorticoid activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrocortisone (Cortaid, Anusol, Hytone, Dermacort, Penecort, Cetacort) 
B)  Fluocinolone acetonide (Synalar) 
C)  Betamethasone valerate (Valisone) 
D)  Triamcinolone acetonide (Aristocort) 
E)  Clobetasol propionate (Temovate) 
A)  Hydrocortisone (Cortaid, Anusol, Hytone, Dermacort, Penecort, Cetacort) 
B)  Fluocinolone acetonide (Synalar) 
C)  Betamethasone valerate (Valisone) 
D)  Triamcinolone acetonide (Aristocort) 
E)  Clobetasol propionate (Temovate)

Question 5

Negative feedback involves the action of adrenocorticosteroids on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex. 
B)  pituitary gland. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
E)  Both b and c are correct. 
A)  adrenal cortex. 
B)  pituitary gland. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  Both a and c are correct. 
E)  Both b and c are correct.

Question 6

Most dental patients taking steroids who are having normal dental treatment rendered do not need additional corticosteroids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true concerning adrenal crisis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once adrenal suppression occurs, the adrenal gland will never respond normally again. 
B)  The adrenal crisis occurs because of a relative lack of corticosteroids during stress. 
C)  Administering adrenal steroids may be necessary after a stressful dental procedure to prevent adrenal crisis. 
D)  Problems generally occur with either low or very high doses, not in the mid-range. 
A)  Once adrenal suppression occurs, the adrenal gland will never respond normally again. 
B)  The adrenal crisis occurs because of a relative lack of corticosteroids during stress. 
C)  Administering adrenal steroids may be necessary after a stressful dental procedure to prevent adrenal crisis. 
D)  Problems generally occur with either low or very high doses, not in the mid-range.

Question 8

All of the following are signs of Cushing syndrome except for which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moon face 
B)  Hypoglycemia 
C)  Muscle wasting 
D)  Fat deposit on back of neck 
A)  Moon face 
B)  Hypoglycemia 
C)  Muscle wasting 
D)  Fat deposit on back of neck

Question 9

Which of the following choices is a disease or condition produced by an excess of adrenocorticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Addison disease 
B)  Cushing syndrome 
C)  Graves disease 
D)  Parkinson disease 
A)  Addison disease 
B)  Cushing syndrome 
C)  Graves disease 
D)  Parkinson disease

Question 10

A 5-mg oral dose of hydrocortisone (Cortisol)would be equivalent to what dose of triamcinolone?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 mg 
B)  2 mg 
C)  5 mg 
D)  10 mg 
E)  20 mg 
A)  1 mg 
B)  2 mg 
C)  5 mg 
D)  10 mg 
E)  20 mg

Question 11

For which type of oral lesion would glucocorticoids be contraindicated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Desquamative gingivitis 
B)  Herpetic gingivostomatitis 
C)  Pemphigus 
D)  Erythema multiforme 
E)  Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid 
A)  Desquamative gingivitis 
B)  Herpetic gingivostomatitis 
C)  Pemphigus 
D)  Erythema multiforme 
E)  Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid

Question 12

The inflammatory activity of the adrenocorticosteroids may cause them to mask the symptoms of an infection. Adrenocorticosteroids decrease a patient's ability to fight infection by suppression of migration of plasma cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 13

Patients taking corticosteroids may have mucosal surfaces that are more _____ than other patients.

Accepted Answer

A)  calloused 
B)  friable 
C)  keratinized 
D)  stippled 
A)  calloused 
B)  friable 
C)  keratinized 
D)  stippled

Question 14

Corticosteroids increase resistance to infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Without stress, the normal adult secretes approximately _____ of hydrocortisone daily.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 mg 
B)  40 mg 
C)  5 mg 
D)  40 mg. 
E)  10 mg 
A)  20 mg 
B)  40 mg 
C)  5 mg 
D)  40 mg. 
E)  10 mg

Question 16

The adverse effects of glucocorticoids are primarily an extension of their therapeutic actions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The most extensive use of the corticosteroids in both medicine and dentistry is in:

Accepted Answer

A)  replacement therapy for corticosteroid deficiency. 
B)  cancer chemotherapy. 
C)  to prevent organ transplant rejection. 
D)  osteoporosis. 
E)  inflammatory and allergic conditions. 
A)  replacement therapy for corticosteroid deficiency. 
B)  cancer chemotherapy. 
C)  to prevent organ transplant rejection. 
D)  osteoporosis. 
E)  inflammatory and allergic conditions.

Question 18

When does the maximal secretion of hydrocortisone (cortisol)occur in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Between 12 PM and 2 PM 
B)  Between 9 AM and 12 AM 
C)  Between 4 AM and 8 AM 
D)  Between 7 AM and 10 AM 
A)  Between 12 PM and 2 PM 
B)  Between 9 AM and 12 AM 
C)  Between 4 AM and 8 AM 
D)  Between 7 AM and 10 AM

Question 19

The mineralocorticoid effects of corticosteroids include all of the following except which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased sodium retention 
B)  Decreased potassium retention 
C)  Decreased bone density 
D)  Edema 
E)  Hypertension 
A)  Increased sodium retention 
B)  Decreased potassium retention 
C)  Decreased bone density 
D)  Edema 
E)  Hypertension

Question 20

Patients who are on which of the following corticosteroid regimens should be prescribed supplemental corticosteroids before a stressful dental procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Currently taking less that 20 mg of hydrocortisone every day 
B)  Currently taking more than 40 mg of hydrocortisone every day 
C)  Currently taking between 20 and 40 mg of hydrocortisone every day 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Currently taking less that 20 mg of hydrocortisone every day 
B)  Currently taking more than 40 mg of hydrocortisone every day 
C)  Currently taking between 20 and 40 mg of hydrocortisone every day 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Exam 18: Adrenocorticosteroids

Adrenocorticosteroids are released from the:

ACTH is secreted from the _____ in response to _____.

Glucocorticoids cause an increase in the circulating levels of which of the following white blood cells?

Of the following agents listed, which is the most potent in glucocorticoid activity?

Negative feedback involves the action of adrenocorticosteroids on the:

Most dental patients taking steroids who are having normal dental treatment rendered do not need additional corticosteroids.

Which of the following statements is true concerning adrenal crisis?

All of the following are signs of Cushing syndrome except for which one?

Which of the following choices is a disease or condition produced by an excess of adrenocorticosteroids?

A 5-mg oral dose of hydrocortisone (Cortisol)would be equivalent to what dose of triamcinolone?

For which type of oral lesion would glucocorticoids be contraindicated?

The inflammatory activity of the adrenocorticosteroids may cause them to mask the symptoms of an infection. Adrenocorticosteroids decrease a patient's ability to fight infection by suppression of migration of plasma cells.

Patients taking corticosteroids may have mucosal surfaces that are more _____ than other patients.

Corticosteroids increase resistance to infection.

Without stress, the normal adult secretes approximately _____ of hydrocortisone daily.

The adverse effects of glucocorticoids are primarily an extension of their therapeutic actions.

The most extensive use of the corticosteroids in both medicine and dentistry is in:

When does the maximal secretion of hydrocortisone (cortisol)occur in the body?

The mineralocorticoid effects of corticosteroids include all of the following except which one?

Patients who are on which of the following corticosteroid regimens should be prescribed supplemental corticosteroids before a stressful dental procedure?

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