Question 1

Antihistamines that are H₁-antagonists are least effective at competitively blocking the effect of histamine at which of the following sites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonvascular smooth muscle (bronchial) 
B)  Vascular smooth muscle (vessels) 
C)  Capillary permeability 
D)  Nerve endings 
A)  Nonvascular smooth muscle (bronchial) 
B)  Vascular smooth muscle (vessels) 
C)  Capillary permeability 
D)  Nerve endings A

Question 2

Antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin)are nonsedating because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate the CNS. 
B)  bind only to H₂-receptors. 
C)  are combined with decongestants that have CNS stimulant activity. 
D)  do not cross the blood-brain barrier. 
A)  stimulate the CNS. 
B)  bind only to H₂-receptors. 
C)  are combined with decongestants that have CNS stimulant activity. 
D)  do not cross the blood-brain barrier. D

Question 3

Montelukast (Singulair)has been associated with postmarketing reports of psychiatric symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Why should intranasal decongestants only be used for 3 to 5 days?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce systemic toxicity. 
B)  They can cause rebound congestion. 
C)  They will start to cause systemic autocoid effects. 
D)  They will produce xerostomia. 
A)  They produce systemic toxicity. 
B)  They can cause rebound congestion. 
C)  They will start to cause systemic autocoid effects. 
D)  They will produce xerostomia.

Question 5

Sedation with antihistamines is additive with that caused by other CNS depressant drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Histamine is released by which of the following types of white blood cells? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) 
B)  Mast cells 
C)  Basophils 
D)  Macrophages 
A)  Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) 
B)  Mast cells 
C)  Basophils 
D)  Macrophages

Question 7

The H₁-receptor antagonists have varying cholinergic effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Cromolyn sodium works by blocking acetylcholine receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Ipratropium bromide should be used with caution in patients with glaucoma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Antihistamines may be used to treat a mild allergic reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Montelukast is generally well tolerated. It is more effective than H₁-antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both parts of the statement are true. 
B)  Both parts of the statement are false. 
C)  The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false. 
D)  The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true. 
A)  Both parts of the statement are true. 
B)  Both parts of the statement are false. 
C)  The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false. 
D)  The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.

Question 12

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibits mast cell degranulation 
B)  Blocks acetylcholine receptors 
C)  Stimulates alpha1 adrenergic receptors 
D)  Stimulates cholinergic receptors 
A)  Inhibits mast cell degranulation 
B)  Blocks acetylcholine receptors 
C)  Stimulates alpha1 adrenergic receptors 
D)  Stimulates cholinergic receptors

Question 13

Montelukast (Singulair)is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  intranasal corticosteroid. 
B)  leukotriene modifier. 
C)  intranasal anticholinergic drug. 
D)  mast cell stabilizer. 
E)  oral decongestant. 
A)  intranasal corticosteroid. 
B)  leukotriene modifier. 
C)  intranasal anticholinergic drug. 
D)  mast cell stabilizer. 
E)  oral decongestant.

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is a mast cell stabilizer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) 
B)  Montelukast (Singulair) 
C)  Cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom) 
D)  Azelastine (Astelin) 
A)  Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) 
B)  Montelukast (Singulair) 
C)  Cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom) 
D)  Azelastine (Astelin)

Question 15

Which of the following classes of antibodies is triggered when an allergen is inhaled in an individual with a sensitized immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM 
A)  IgA 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgE 
D)  IgG 
E)  IgM

Question 16

Which of the following symptoms is the most common side effect associated with the older antihistamines? (Please note: all are associated, but one is most common)

Accepted Answer

A)  Nausea 
B)  Xerostomia 
C)  Sedation 
D)  Constipation 
A)  Nausea 
B)  Xerostomia 
C)  Sedation 
D)  Constipation

Question 17

Oral decongestants should be used with caution in patients with: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiovascular disease. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  diabetes. 
D)  hyperthyroidism. 
E)  closed-angle glaucoma. 
A)  cardiovascular disease. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  diabetes. 
D)  hyperthyroidism. 
E)  closed-angle glaucoma.

Question 18

The primary advantage of second generation H₁ agents is that they are less likely to have which of the following pharmacologic effects of first generation H₁ antihistamines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antihistaminic 
B)  Antiserotonergic 
C)  Anticholinergic 
D)  Sedative 
A)  Antihistaminic 
B)  Antiserotonergic 
C)  Anticholinergic 
D)  Sedative

Question 19

Which of the following types of drugs is known to increase intraocular pressure if inadvertently placed in the eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mast cell stabilizer 
B)  Antihistamine 
C)  Intranasal anticholinergic 
D)  Leukotriene modifier 
A)  Mast cell stabilizer 
B)  Antihistamine 
C)  Intranasal anticholinergic 
D)  Leukotriene modifier

Question 20

Which of the following are sources of seasonal allergic rhinitis rather than perennial allergic rhinitis? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Pollen from flowers 
B)  Pollen from trees 
C)  House dust 
D)  Animal dander 
A)  Pollen from flowers 
B)  Pollen from trees 
C)  House dust 
D)  Animal dander

Exam 20: Drugs for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Antihistamines that are H₁-antagonists are least effective at competitively blocking the effect of histamine at which of the following sites?

Antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin)are nonsedating because they:

Montelukast (Singulair)has been associated with postmarketing reports of psychiatric symptoms.

Why should intranasal decongestants only be used for 3 to 5 days?

Sedation with antihistamines is additive with that caused by other CNS depressant drugs.

Histamine is released by which of the following types of white blood cells? (Select all that apply.)

The H₁-receptor antagonists have varying cholinergic effects.

Cromolyn sodium works by blocking acetylcholine receptors.

Ipratropium bromide should be used with caution in patients with glaucoma.

Antihistamines may be used to treat a mild allergic reaction.

Montelukast is generally well tolerated. It is more effective than H₁-antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids.

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom)?

Montelukast (Singulair)is a(n):

Which of the following drugs is a mast cell stabilizer?

Which of the following classes of antibodies is triggered when an allergen is inhaled in an individual with a sensitized immune system?

Which of the following symptoms is the most common side effect associated with the older antihistamines? (Please note: all are associated, but one is most common)

Oral decongestants should be used with caution in patients with: (Select all that apply.)

The primary advantage of second generation H₁ agents is that they are less likely to have which of the following pharmacologic effects of first generation H₁ antihistamines?

Which of the following types of drugs is known to increase intraocular pressure if inadvertently placed in the eye?

Which of the following are sources of seasonal allergic rhinitis rather than perennial allergic rhinitis? (Select all that apply.)

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