Question 1

A genetically related abnormal drug response is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  toxic reaction. 
B)  idiosyncratic reaction. 
C)  side effect. 
D)  drug allergy. 
A)  toxic reaction. 
B)  idiosyncratic reaction. 
C)  side effect. 
D)  drug allergy. B

Question 2

In an assessment of drug action for a certain therapeutic agent, results indicate that the ED₅₀ is 3 mg/kg, and the LD₅₀ is 300 mg/kg. What is the therapeutic index for this agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  300 
C)  0.01 
D)  100 
A)  3 
B)  300 
C)  0.01 
D)  100 D

Question 3

An acute, life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and cardiac arrhythmias is what type of hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I 
B)  Type II 
C)  Type III 
D)  Type IV 
A)  Type I 
B)  Type II 
C)  Type III 
D)  Type IV A

Question 4

Tetracycline, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the benzodiazepines are safe to administer to a pregnant patient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Approximately 10% of male African Americans develop a severe hemolytic anemia when given the antimalarial drug primaquine. Such a response is categorized as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  idiosyncratic reaction. 
B)  drug side effect. 
C)  genetically determined abnormal reaction. 
D)  allergic reaction. 
E)  Both a and c are correct. 
A)  idiosyncratic reaction. 
B)  drug side effect. 
C)  genetically determined abnormal reaction. 
D)  allergic reaction. 
E)  Both a and c are correct.

Question 6

An agent for which data are insufficient in animals or women to ensure safety during pregnancy would be classified in which U.S. Food and Drug Administration category for teratogenic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  X 
B)  A 
C)  C 
D)  B 
A)  X 
B)  A 
C)  C 
D)  B

Question 7

A dose-related reaction that produces undesirable effects caused by the action on nontarget organs is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  therapeutic effect. 
B)  toxic reaction. 
C)  side effect. 
D)  drug allergy. 
A)  therapeutic effect. 
B)  toxic reaction. 
C)  side effect. 
D)  drug allergy.

Question 8

Type _____ hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Question 9

Although drug A and drug B have the same ED₅₀, drug B has a wider therapeutic index (TI); therefore, drug A has a greater LD₅₀ than drug B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both parts of the statement are true. 
B)  Both parts of the statement are false. 
C)  The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false. 
D)  The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true. 
A)  Both parts of the statement are true. 
B)  Both parts of the statement are false. 
C)  The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false. 
D)  The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.

Question 10

A dose of a drug that kills 50% of experimental animals is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  ED₅₀. 
B)  minimally effective dose. 
C)  LD₅₀ . 
D)  therapeutic index. 
A)  ED₅₀. 
B)  minimally effective dose. 
C)  LD₅₀ . 
D)  therapeutic index.

Question 11

The following choices refer to adverse reactions involving exaggerated effects on target tissues except:

Accepted Answer

A)  overreaction of a sensitive patient. 
B)  administration of too large a dose. 
C)  caused by a nontherapeutic action of a drug. 
D)  possibly resulting from liver or kidney disease. 
A)  overreaction of a sensitive patient. 
B)  administration of too large a dose. 
C)  caused by a nontherapeutic action of a drug. 
D)  possibly resulting from liver or kidney disease.

Question 12

The greatest risk to the fetus from exposure to drugs occurs:

Accepted Answer

A)  just before birth. 
B)  during the third trimester. 
C)  during the second trimester. 
D)  before pregnancy status is known. 
A)  just before birth. 
B)  during the third trimester. 
C)  during the second trimester. 
D)  before pregnancy status is known.

Question 13

Which hypersensitivity reaction causes antibody-antigen (immune complex)deposition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I 
B)  Type II 
C)  Type III 
D)  Type IV 
A)  Type I 
B)  Type II 
C)  Type III 
D)  Type IV

Question 14

A drug effect that is neither predictable nor dose related is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  therapeutic effect. 
B)  toxic reaction. 
C)  side effect. 
D)  drug allergy. 
E)  Both b and d are correct. 
A)  therapeutic effect. 
B)  toxic reaction. 
C)  side effect. 
D)  drug allergy. 
E)  Both b and d are correct.

Question 15

Drug allergy and a side effect are two examples of dose-related responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is the recommended solution for the adverse effect of nausea following administration of a drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cease taking the drug. 
B)  Go outside and get some fresh air. 
C)  Take the drug with food or milk. 
D)  Take the drug at bedtime. 
E)  Seek medical attention. 
A)  Cease taking the drug. 
B)  Go outside and get some fresh air. 
C)  Take the drug with food or milk. 
D)  Take the drug at bedtime. 
E)  Seek medical attention.

Question 17

What should the dental hygienist do first if a patient reports a suspected adverse drug effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administer epinephrine. 
B)  Determine what drugs the patient is taking. 
C)  Have that patient drink a sugary liquid such as apple juice. 
D)  Call 9-1-1. 
E)  Drive the patient to the nearest hospital emergency room. 
A)  Administer epinephrine. 
B)  Determine what drugs the patient is taking. 
C)  Have that patient drink a sugary liquid such as apple juice. 
D)  Call 9-1-1. 
E)  Drive the patient to the nearest hospital emergency room.

Question 18

Which hypersensitivity reaction is termed delayed-type hypersensitivity and is mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes and macrophages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I 
B)  Type II 
C)  Type III 
D)  Type IV 
A)  Type I 
B)  Type II 
C)  Type III 
D)  Type IV

Question 19

The greater the therapeutic index is, the greater the toxicity will be.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Adverse Reactions

A genetically related abnormal drug response is called a(n):

In an assessment of drug action for a certain therapeutic agent, results indicate that the ED₅₀ is 3 mg/kg, and the LD₅₀ is 300 mg/kg. What is the therapeutic index for this agent?

An acute, life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and cardiac arrhythmias is what type of hypersensitivity?

Tetracycline, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the benzodiazepines are safe to administer to a pregnant patient.

Approximately 10% of male African Americans develop a severe hemolytic anemia when given the antimalarial drug primaquine. Such a response is categorized as a(n):

An agent for which data are insufficient in animals or women to ensure safety during pregnancy would be classified in which U.S. Food and Drug Administration category for teratogenic drugs?

A dose-related reaction that produces undesirable effects caused by the action on nontarget organs is called a:

Type _____ hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies.

Although drug A and drug B have the same ED₅₀, drug B has a wider therapeutic index (TI); therefore, drug A has a greater LD₅₀ than drug B.

A dose of a drug that kills 50% of experimental animals is termed:

The following choices refer to adverse reactions involving exaggerated effects on target tissues except:

The greatest risk to the fetus from exposure to drugs occurs:

Which hypersensitivity reaction causes antibody-antigen (immune complex)deposition?

A drug effect that is neither predictable nor dose related is called a:

Drug allergy and a side effect are two examples of dose-related responses.

Which of the following is the recommended solution for the adverse effect of nausea following administration of a drug?

What should the dental hygienist do first if a patient reports a suspected adverse drug effect?

Which hypersensitivity reaction is termed delayed-type hypersensitivity and is mediated by sensitized T lymphocytes and macrophages?

The greater the therapeutic index is, the greater the toxicity will be.

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