Question 1

The renal threshold is described as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in erythropoietin production because of insulin imbalance 
B)  nutrient depletion in the renal tubules caused from deficient insulin 
C)  hemoglobin's exposure to glucose within the kidneys 
D)  the concentration at which the kidneys begin to pass glucose into the urine 
A)  a decrease in erythropoietin production because of insulin imbalance 
B)  nutrient depletion in the renal tubules caused from deficient insulin 
C)  hemoglobin's exposure to glucose within the kidneys 
D)  the concentration at which the kidneys begin to pass glucose into the urine

Question 2

Which patient would have the most risk factors for gestational diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rita, who has a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 24 
B)  Zhu, who just moved to the United States from China 
C)  Amy, who once had an 8-pound baby 
D)  Sarah, whose father has diabetes 
A)  Rita, who has a prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 24 
B)  Zhu, who just moved to the United States from China 
C)  Amy, who once had an 8-pound baby 
D)  Sarah, whose father has diabetes

Question 3

Short Case-Study Questions  
Michael Fern is a 21-year-old college student majoring in electrical engineering. His medical history is unremarkable. He comes to his family doctor for the second time this month because of symptoms of lethargy, fatigue, weight loss, and frequent thirst and urination.
-Michael's ketoacidosis leads to a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Which medication will Michael need to take to treat his diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfonylureas 
B)  metformin 
C)  insulin injections 
D)  alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 
A)  sulfonylureas 
B)  metformin 
C)  insulin injections 
D)  alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 4

A fasting blood glucose level above ____ mg/dL is classified as diabetes.

Accepted Answer

A)  90 
B)  100 
C)  116 
D)  126 
A)  90 
B)  100 
C)  116 
D)  126

Question 5

Regina is at her first prenatal visit after recently discovering that she is pregnant. She is a low-risk patient with no history of diabetes. At what point will her physician test Regina for gestational diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  12 to 15 weeks 
B)  16 to 20 weeks 
C)  24 to 28 weeks 
D)  29 to 32 weeks 
A)  12 to 15 weeks 
B)  16 to 20 weeks 
C)  24 to 28 weeks 
D)  29 to 32 weeks

Question 6

Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome include blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher.

Accepted Answer

A)  110/80 
B)  130/85 
C)  150/90 
D)  170/95 
A)  110/80 
B)  130/85 
C)  150/90 
D)  170/95

Question 7

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sweating and heart palpitations 
B)  increased thirst and polyuria 
C)  acetone breath 
D)  warm, flushed skin 
A)  sweating and heart palpitations 
B)  increased thirst and polyuria 
C)  acetone breath 
D)  warm, flushed skin

Question 8

Discuss how diabetes develops as a consequence of pregnancy and the potential consequences for both mother and fetus.

Accepted Answer

Women with diabetes face new challenges

Question 9

Describe the different types of neuropathy that may develop in patients with diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Diabetic neuropathy most often involves

Question 10

What best describes polydipsia?

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive thirst 
B)  excessive urination 
C)  increased glucose in the urine 
D)  excessive hunger 
A)  excessive thirst 
B)  excessive urination 
C)  increased glucose in the urine 
D)  excessive hunger

Question 11

Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome include waist circumference of greater than ____ inches in women.

Accepted Answer

A)  33 
B)  35 
C)  38 
D)  40 
A)  33 
B)  35 
C)  38 
D)  40

Question 12

Short Case Study Questions  
Ruth Ann Glebowski is a 40-year-old woman. She has a medical history of gestational diabetes, high cholesterol, hypothyroidism, and depression. She is 5 ft 4 in. tall and weighs 190 lb. Recently she has made an appointment with her physician since she has been having excessive hunger and frequent urination.
-Ruth Ann is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which factors puts her at increased risk for diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weight and gestational diabetes 
B)  Depression and middle age 
C)  high cholesterol and hypothyroidism 
D)  Hypothyroidism 
A)  Weight and gestational diabetes 
B)  Depression and middle age 
C)  high cholesterol and hypothyroidism 
D)  Hypothyroidism

Question 13

Which antidiabetic drug is classified as a biguanide?

Accepted Answer

A)  acarbose 
B)  pramlintide 
C)  metformin 
D)  nateglinide 
A)  acarbose 
B)  pramlintide 
C)  metformin 
D)  nateglinide

Question 14

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by severe ketosis, acidosis, and ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  renal failure 
B)  hallucinations 
C)  hyperglycemia 
D)  myocardial ischemia 
A)  renal failure 
B)  hallucinations 
C)  hyperglycemia 
D)  myocardial ischemia

Question 15

Macrosomia develops as a result of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin's stimulatory effect on fat synthesis 
B)  excessive insulin production by the fetal pancreas 
C)  poor maternal kidney function due to excess glucose 
D)  the enzymatic glycation of serum proteins 
A)  insulin's stimulatory effect on fat synthesis 
B)  excessive insulin production by the fetal pancreas 
C)  poor maternal kidney function due to excess glucose 
D)  the enzymatic glycation of serum proteins

Question 16

Using the "intensive therapy" approach, blood glucose is monitored at least ____ time(s) a day for people with type 1 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four

Question 17

Explain the relationship of body weight and type 2 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Because excessive body fat can worsen in

Question 18

Insulin is most often administered by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  subcutaneous injection 
B)  oral administration 
C)  intramuscular injection 
D)  intravenous administration 
A)  subcutaneous injection 
B)  oral administration 
C)  intramuscular injection 
D)  intravenous administration

Question 19

What is an advantage seen with intensive therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed progression of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy 
B)  less weight gain 
C)  greater stability noted in fructosamine results 
D)  fewer incidents of severe hypoglycemia 
A)  delayed progression of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy 
B)  less weight gain 
C)  greater stability noted in fructosamine results 
D)  fewer incidents of severe hypoglycemia

Question 20

Short Case-Study Questions  
Michael Fern is a 21-year-old college student majoring in electrical engineering. His medical history is unremarkable. He comes to his family doctor for the second time this month because of symptoms of lethargy, fatigue, weight loss, and frequent thirst and urination.
-Michael has been diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. In addition to severely elevated blood glucose levels, what other symptom is associated with this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  fruity odor on the breath 
B)  fluid retention 
C)  high blood pressure 
D)  vision loss 
A)  fruity odor on the breath 
B)  fluid retention 
C)  high blood pressure 
D)  vision loss

Exam 26: Diabetes Mellitus

The renal threshold is described as ____.

Which patient would have the most risk factors for gestational diabetes?

A fasting blood glucose level above ____ mg/dL is classified as diabetes.

Regina is at her first prenatal visit after recently discovering that she is pregnant. She is a low-risk patient with no history of diabetes. At what point will her physician test Regina for gestational diabetes?

Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome include blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include ____.

Discuss how diabetes develops as a consequence of pregnancy and the potential consequences for both mother and fetus.

Describe the different types of neuropathy that may develop in patients with diabetes.

What best describes polydipsia?

Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome include waist circumference of greater than ____ inches in women.

Which antidiabetic drug is classified as a biguanide?

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by severe ketosis, acidosis, and ____.

Macrosomia develops as a result of ____.

Using the "intensive therapy" approach, blood glucose is monitored at least ____ time(s) a day for people with type 1 diabetes.

Explain the relationship of body weight and type 2 diabetes.

Insulin is most often administered by ____.

What is an advantage seen with intensive therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starches, and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Metabolism

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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