Question 1

Cold viruses are prevented from infecting most areas of the body because these areas are either too warm or too acidic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Staphylococcus aureus is part of the upper respiratory microbiome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the common cold?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only coronaviruses cause the common cold. 
B)  The viruses can infect both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. 
C)  Cold viruses reproduce most effectively at 37°C. 
D)  Cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites. 
E)  The immune system cannot develop an effective response to cold viruses. 
A)  Only coronaviruses cause the common cold. 
B)  The viruses can infect both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. 
C)  Cold viruses reproduce most effectively at 37°C. 
D)  Cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites. 
E)  The immune system cannot develop an effective response to cold viruses.

Question 4

What distinguishes influenza from the common cold?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fever 
B)  Pharyngitis 
C)  Cough 
D)  Malaise 
E)  Nasal congestion 
A)  Fever 
B)  Pharyngitis 
C)  Cough 
D)  Malaise 
E)  Nasal congestion

Question 5

The microbe which causes primary atypical pneumonia is

Accepted Answer

A)  Bordetella pertussis. 
B)  MERS. 
C)  Chlamydophila pneumoniae. 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
E)  SARS. 
A)  Bordetella pertussis. 
B)  MERS. 
C)  Chlamydophila pneumoniae. 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
E)  SARS.

Question 6

Limiting exposure to rodents and their waste is an important means of preventing

Accepted Answer

A)  coccidioidomycosis. 
B)  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 
C)  histoplasmosis. 
D)  bronchiolitis. 
E)  inhalational anthrax. 
A)  coccidioidomycosis. 
B)  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 
C)  histoplasmosis. 
D)  bronchiolitis. 
E)  inhalational anthrax.

Question 7

Why are nearly all AIDS patients at risk of developing Pneumocystis pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumocystis jiroveci is becoming a wide-spread contaminant in health care environments. 
B)  Pneumocystis jiroveci is commonly found in a wide variety of soils. 
C)  The pathogen is easily transmitted from infected persons to others. 
D)  Pneumocystis jiroveci is a common member of the respiratory microbiome in humans and opportunistic pathogen. 
E)  Pneumocystis jiroveci is zoonotic in a wide range of vertebrates and exposure is unavoidable. 
A)  Pneumocystis jiroveci is becoming a wide-spread contaminant in health care environments. 
B)  Pneumocystis jiroveci is commonly found in a wide variety of soils. 
C)  The pathogen is easily transmitted from infected persons to others. 
D)  Pneumocystis jiroveci is a common member of the respiratory microbiome in humans and opportunistic pathogen. 
E)  Pneumocystis jiroveci is zoonotic in a wide range of vertebrates and exposure is unavoidable.

Question 8

Which of the following Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors kills leukocytes and erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  streptolysins 
B)  pyrogenic toxins 
C)  streptokinases 
D)  the hyaluronic acid capsule 
E)  C5a peptidase 
A)  streptolysins 
B)  pyrogenic toxins 
C)  streptokinases 
D)  the hyaluronic acid capsule 
E)  C5a peptidase

Question 9

Exposure to soil with decaying plant material may result in pus-filled lesions characteristic of (coccidioidomycosis/blastomycosis/histoplasmosis).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exposure to soil with decaying plant material...

Question 10

Bordetella pertussis produces

Accepted Answer

A)  dermonecrotic toxin. 
B)  adenylate cyclase toxin. 
C)  pyrogenic toxin. 
D)  dermonecrotic and adenylate cyclase toxins. 
E)  dermonecrotic, adenylate cyclase, and pyrogenic toxins. 
A)  dermonecrotic toxin. 
B)  adenylate cyclase toxin. 
C)  pyrogenic toxin. 
D)  dermonecrotic and adenylate cyclase toxins. 
E)  dermonecrotic, adenylate cyclase, and pyrogenic toxins.

Question 11

A major change in the surface glycoproteins of influenza A, which occurs every 10 years on average, is called (antigenic/genetic/protein) shift.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major change in the surface glycoproteins...

Question 12

Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, commonly called (croup/pertussis/pneumonia), is frequently caused by paramyxoviruses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, commonly...

Question 13

Group A streptococci produce ________ which breaks down blood clots, allowing the bacteria to spread.

Accepted Answer

A)  M proteins 
B)  a hyaluronic acid capsule 
C)  C5a peptidase 
D)  streptokinase 
E)  pyrogenic toxins 
A)  M proteins 
B)  a hyaluronic acid capsule 
C)  C5a peptidase 
D)  streptokinase 
E)  pyrogenic toxins

Question 14

Numerous bacteria can cause pneumoniae in the elderly or immunocompromised. The most common ones were covered in the section "Bacterial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System." Devise a set of laboratory tests that could be used to distinguish between these bacteria in a clinical laboratory. Have as your goal the minimum number of tests necessary. (Hints: Try to make a dichotomous key to start. You may also need to recall material from previous chapters.)

Accepted Answer

A number of answers are possible, but al

Question 15

Some of the signs of scarlet fever (scarlatina) are due to the production of (pertussis/pneumolysin/pyrogenic) toxin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some of the signs of scarlet fever...

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is extremely difficult to treat. 
B)  The causative agent attaches to ciliated cells in the respiratory tract. 
C)  The causative agent is a fast-growing Gram-positive bacillus. 
D)  It causes disease which is usually severe enough to require hospitalization. 
E)  It is diagnosed by the appearance of typical "fried-egg" colonies on agar. 
A)  It is extremely difficult to treat. 
B)  The causative agent attaches to ciliated cells in the respiratory tract. 
C)  The causative agent is a fast-growing Gram-positive bacillus. 
D)  It causes disease which is usually severe enough to require hospitalization. 
E)  It is diagnosed by the appearance of typical "fried-egg" colonies on agar.

Question 17

A recently retired man appears at his doctor's office complaining of difficulty breathing, body aches and fatigue. He is also running a high fever and has a dry cough. He reports having just returned from a trip to the Middle East where he visited several historical sites. Test results are negative for a rapid test for influenza A. No bacteria are visible in a microscopic exam of his sputum. Which of the following is a likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhalation anthrax 
B)  pertussis 
C)  valley fever 
D)  coronavirus respiratory syndrome 
E)  primary atypical pneumonia 
A)  inhalation anthrax 
B)  pertussis 
C)  valley fever 
D)  coronavirus respiratory syndrome 
E)  primary atypical pneumonia

Question 18

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis called MDR are resistant to

Accepted Answer

A)  levofloxacin. 
B)  isoniazid. 
C)  rifampin. 
D)  isoniazid and rifampin. 
E)  levofloxacin, isoniazid and rifampin. 
A)  levofloxacin. 
B)  isoniazid. 
C)  rifampin. 
D)  isoniazid and rifampin. 
E)  levofloxacin, isoniazid and rifampin.

Question 19

Pleurisy is the accumulation of pus in the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can be transmitted from person-to-person and from rodents to humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Cold viruses are prevented from infecting most areas of the body because these areas are either too warm or too acidic.

Staphylococcus aureus is part of the upper respiratory microbiome.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the common cold?

What distinguishes influenza from the common cold?

The microbe which causes primary atypical pneumonia is

Limiting exposure to rodents and their waste is an important means of preventing

Why are nearly all AIDS patients at risk of developing Pneumocystis pneumonia?

Which of the following Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors kills leukocytes and erythrocytes?

Exposure to soil with decaying plant material may result in pus-filled lesions characteristic of (coccidioidomycosis/blastomycosis/histoplasmosis).

Bordetella pertussis produces

A major change in the surface glycoproteins of influenza A, which occurs every 10 years on average, is called (antigenic/genetic/protein) shift.

Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi, commonly called (croup/pertussis/pneumonia), is frequently caused by paramyxoviruses.

Group A streptococci produce ________ which breaks down blood clots, allowing the bacteria to spread.

Some of the signs of scarlet fever (scarlatina) are due to the production of (pertussis/pneumolysin/pyrogenic) toxin.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis called MDR are resistant to

Pleurisy is the accumulation of pus in the lungs.

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can be transmitted from person-to-person and from rodents to humans.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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