Question 1

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that

Accepted Answer

A)  is part of the microbiome of the lower respiratory system. 
B)  is part of the microbiota of the nasal cavity which occasionally invades the lungs. 
C)  survives in the environment as an intracellular parasite of a protozoan. 
D)  is capable of forming endospores. 
E)  is a disease of birds transmissible to humans. 
A)  is part of the microbiome of the lower respiratory system. 
B)  is part of the microbiota of the nasal cavity which occasionally invades the lungs. 
C)  survives in the environment as an intracellular parasite of a protozoan. 
D)  is capable of forming endospores. 
E)  is a disease of birds transmissible to humans.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning diphtheria?

Accepted Answer

A)  No effective vaccine is available to prevent infection. 
B)  A diffuse rash is the major sign of diphtheria. 
C)  The signs and symptoms of the disease are directly caused by a bacterial toxin. 
D)  The pseudomembrane is easily removed by surgery. 
E)  A microscopic exam of bacterial samples is sufficient for conclusive diagnosis. 
A)  No effective vaccine is available to prevent infection. 
B)  A diffuse rash is the major sign of diphtheria. 
C)  The signs and symptoms of the disease are directly caused by a bacterial toxin. 
D)  The pseudomembrane is easily removed by surgery. 
E)  A microscopic exam of bacterial samples is sufficient for conclusive diagnosis.

Question 3

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of HAP infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant HAP are primarily caused by members of the genus (Bordetella/ Klebsiella/Mycobacteria), Gram-negative opportunists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant HAP are primarily...

Question 5

The mycoplasmas have been successively classified as viruses, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria largely due to the lack of cell (membranes/walls/RNA) in their structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mycoplasmas have been successively classified as...

Question 6

Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive long periods of time in dried droplets of respiratory aerosols?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of cord factor 
B)  pyrogenic toxin 
C)  formation of tubercles 
D)  the presence of LPS in the outer membrane 
E)  the presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall 
A)  production of cord factor 
B)  pyrogenic toxin 
C)  formation of tubercles 
D)  the presence of LPS in the outer membrane 
E)  the presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall

Question 7

The disease known as "Croup" is often a result of infection with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  hantavirus 
B)  influenzavirus 
C)  Bordetella pertussis 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
E)  respiratory syncytial virus 
A)  hantavirus 
B)  influenzavirus 
C)  Bordetella pertussis 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
E)  respiratory syncytial virus

Question 8

Inhalation anthrax is frequently fatal even with antibiotic therapy because

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus anthracis is resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. 
B)  it is transmitted as endospores. 
C)  the anthrax toxin triggers necrosis and severe edema of the lungs. 
D)  the bacteria are enclosed within a biofilm that antibiotics cannot penetrate. 
E)  the dying cells release lipid A, triggering a severe inflammatory response. 
A)  Bacillus anthracis is resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. 
B)  it is transmitted as endospores. 
C)  the anthrax toxin triggers necrosis and severe edema of the lungs. 
D)  the bacteria are enclosed within a biofilm that antibiotics cannot penetrate. 
E)  the dying cells release lipid A, triggering a severe inflammatory response.

Question 9

A new vaccine for the upcoming flu season is developed from an influenza isolate designated A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9). This nomenclature means the isolate is

Accepted Answer

A)  a type A with antigens HA 7 and NA 9 isolated in Shanghai in February 2013. 
B)  a type A with 7 HA antigens and 9 NA antigens isolated in Shanghai in February 2013. 
C)  the second type A strain with HA 7 and NA 9 antigens isolated in Shanghai in 2013. 
D)  a type B strain with antigens HA 7 and NA 9, first isolated in February 2013. 
E)  a hybrid of 2 type As combining 7 HA and 9 NA antigens, created in February 2013. 
A)  a type A with antigens HA 7 and NA 9 isolated in Shanghai in February 2013. 
B)  a type A with 7 HA antigens and 9 NA antigens isolated in Shanghai in February 2013. 
C)  the second type A strain with HA 7 and NA 9 antigens isolated in Shanghai in 2013. 
D)  a type B strain with antigens HA 7 and NA 9, first isolated in February 2013. 
E)  a hybrid of 2 type As combining 7 HA and 9 NA antigens, created in February 2013.

Question 10

The DTaP vaccine protects against which of the following respiratory diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  pneumonia 
B)  pertussis 
C)  anthrax 
D)  the common cold 
E)  tuberculosis 
A)  pneumonia 
B)  pertussis 
C)  anthrax 
D)  the common cold 
E)  tuberculosis

Question 11

Dust storms in arid regions of the Southwestern U.S. may lead to outbreaks of

Accepted Answer

A)  blastomycosis. 
B)  histoplasmosis. 
C)  Pneumocystis pneumonia. 
D)  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 
E)  coccidioidomycosis. 
A)  blastomycosis. 
B)  histoplasmosis. 
C)  Pneumocystis pneumonia. 
D)  Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 
E)  coccidioidomycosis.

Question 12

Diphtheria toxin kills cells by interfering with which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement function 
B)  nucleic acid synthesis 
C)  cytoplasmic membrane function 
D)  protein synthesis 
E)  adenylate cyclase activity 
A)  complement function 
B)  nucleic acid synthesis 
C)  cytoplasmic membrane function 
D)  protein synthesis 
E)  adenylate cyclase activity

Question 13

Explain the necessity of producing a new vaccine for each year's flu season.

Accepted Answer

Because the genome of influenzavirus is

Question 14

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen commonly present in the nasal cavity as a member of the microbiota?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Bordetella pertussis 
C)  Legionella pneumophilia 
D)  Pneumocystis jiroveci 
E)  Veillonella species 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Bordetella pertussis 
C)  Legionella pneumophilia 
D)  Pneumocystis jiroveci 
E)  Veillonella species

Question 15

Macrophages effectively phagocytize and kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The structure indicated by the letter "A" is the (pharynx/larynx/epiglottis).

Accepted Answer

The answer of   
The structure indicated by the...

Question 17

Compare and contrast pneumococcal and mycoplasmal pneumonia.

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia describes a general pathogenic

Question 18

The smallest free-living microbes are (mycobacteria/mycoplasmas/Chlamydophila).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The smallest free-living microbes are (mycobacteria/mycoplasmas/Chlamydophila)....

Question 19

Blastomycosis results from

Accepted Answer

A)  inhalation of spherules. 
B)  inhalation of respiratory droplets. 
C)  inhalation of fungal spores. 
D)  contact with fomites. 
E)  contact with infected sputum. 
A)  inhalation of spherules. 
B)  inhalation of respiratory droplets. 
C)  inhalation of fungal spores. 
D)  contact with fomites. 
E)  contact with infected sputum.

Question 20

Pathogenic streptococci of the upper respiratory tract (such as Streptococcus pyogenes) are distinguished from non-pathogenic streptococci by

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha hemolytic activity. 
B)  beta hemolytic activity. 
C)  no hemolytic activity. 
D)  the absence of a capsule. 
E)  the presence of a lysogenic phage. 
A)  alpha hemolytic activity. 
B)  beta hemolytic activity. 
C)  no hemolytic activity. 
D)  the absence of a capsule. 
E)  the presence of a lysogenic phage.

Exam 22: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning diphtheria?

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of HAP infections.

Recent outbreaks of multidrug-resistant HAP are primarily caused by members of the genus (Bordetella/ Klebsiella/Mycobacteria), Gram-negative opportunists.

The mycoplasmas have been successively classified as viruses, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria largely due to the lack of cell (membranes/walls/RNA) in their structure.

Which of the following factors is primarily responsible for the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to survive long periods of time in dried droplets of respiratory aerosols?

The disease known as "Croup" is often a result of infection with which of the following?

Inhalation anthrax is frequently fatal even with antibiotic therapy because

A new vaccine for the upcoming flu season is developed from an influenza isolate designated A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9). This nomenclature means the isolate is

The DTaP vaccine protects against which of the following respiratory diseases?

Dust storms in arid regions of the Southwestern U.S. may lead to outbreaks of

Diphtheria toxin kills cells by interfering with which of the following processes?

Explain the necessity of producing a new vaccine for each year's flu season.

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen commonly present in the nasal cavity as a member of the microbiota?

Macrophages effectively phagocytize and kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The structure indicated by the letter "A" is the (pharynx/larynx/epiglottis).

Compare and contrast pneumococcal and mycoplasmal pneumonia.

The smallest free-living microbes are (mycobacteria/mycoplasmas/Chlamydophila).

Blastomycosis results from

Pathogenic streptococci of the upper respiratory tract (such as Streptococcus pyogenes) are distinguished from non-pathogenic streptococci by

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