Question 1

Organisms use carbohydrates in all of the following ways EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  as a component of cell walls. 
B)  as a long-term energy source. 
C)  as a short-term energy source. 
D)  to keep membranes flexible at low temperatures. 
E)  as a building block of DNA and RNA molecules. 
A)  as a component of cell walls. 
B)  as a long-term energy source. 
C)  as a short-term energy source. 
D)  to keep membranes flexible at low temperatures. 
E)  as a building block of DNA and RNA molecules.

Question 2

The electron shells of atoms hold eight electrons each.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The chemical formula of the oxygen we require is O₂. It is

Accepted Answer

A)  a compound. 
B)  an isotope. 
C)  an element. 
D)  a molecule. 
E)  both an element and a molecule. 
A)  a compound. 
B)  an isotope. 
C)  an element. 
D)  a molecule. 
E)  both an element and a molecule.

Question 4

The monomer of a nucleic acid is called a (nucleoside/nucleotide/base).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The monomer of a nucleic acid is...

Question 5

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolytes; anions 
B)  synthesis; endothermic 
C)  hydrolysis; hydrogen bonds 
D)  catabolism; exothermic 
E)  dehydration; anabolism 
A)  electrolytes; anions 
B)  synthesis; endothermic 
C)  hydrolysis; hydrogen bonds 
D)  catabolism; exothermic 
E)  dehydration; anabolism

Question 6

Which of the following would NOT normally be found as a component of a cell's nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine deoxyribonucleotides 
B)  thymine deoxyribonucleotides 
C)  uracil deoxyribonucleotides 
D)  cytosine ribonucleotides 
E)  adenine ribonucleotides 
A)  adenine deoxyribonucleotides 
B)  thymine deoxyribonucleotides 
C)  uracil deoxyribonucleotides 
D)  cytosine ribonucleotides 
E)  adenine ribonucleotides

Question 7

The folding of a polypeptide into a three-dimensional shape is its (secondary/tertiary/quaternary) structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The folding of a polypeptide into a...

Question 8

An atom or molecule becomes a(n) (anion/ion/cation) when it loses an electron to a more electronegative molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An atom or molecule becomes a(n) (anion/ion/cation)...

Question 9

Consider the structure of thymine, shown on the left in Figure 2.3 above, and compare to the structure of pyrimidine X on the right. What would be the impact if X is incorporated into the structure of a DNA strand in place of thymine?

Accepted Answer

Where thymine has a nonpolar group, pyri

Question 10

DNA is composed of repeating units of sugars, phosphates, and nucleic acids. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  polymer. 
B)  monomer. 
C)  salt. 
D)  micelle. 
E)  lipid. 
A)  polymer. 
B)  monomer. 
C)  salt. 
D)  micelle. 
E)  lipid.

Question 11

Proteins contain both acidic and basic R groups and can, therefore, function as

Accepted Answer

A)  energy storage macromolecules. 
B)  structural macromolecules. 
C)  buffers. 
D)  catalysts. 
E)  genetic material. 
A)  energy storage macromolecules. 
B)  structural macromolecules. 
C)  buffers. 
D)  catalysts. 
E)  genetic material.

Question 12

Nucleic acids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates are all produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolytic reactions. 
B)  dehydration synthesis. 
C)  exchange reactions. 
D)  hydrogen bonding. 
E)  catabolic reactions. 
A)  hydrolytic reactions. 
B)  dehydration synthesis. 
C)  exchange reactions. 
D)  hydrogen bonding. 
E)  catabolic reactions.

Question 13

Describe the chemical properties of phospholipids that account for their behavior in water.

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have polar phosphate "head

Question 14

Which of the following is found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  amines 
B)  carboxylic acid 
C)  purines 
D)  glycerol 
E)  R group 
A)  amines 
B)  carboxylic acid 
C)  purines 
D)  glycerol 
E)  R group

Question 15

Which of the following is an atomic particle that has no electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

A)  electron 
B)  neutron 
C)  element 
D)  proton 
E)  isotope 
A)  electron 
B)  neutron 
C)  element 
D)  proton 
E)  isotope

Question 16

The type(s) of bond(s) produced when atoms with somewhat different electronegativities share electrons is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  a nonpolar covalent bond. 
B)  a polar covalent bond. 
C)  an ionic bond. 
D)  a hydrogen bond. 
E)  both nonpolar covalent and ionic bonds. 
A)  a nonpolar covalent bond. 
B)  a polar covalent bond. 
C)  an ionic bond. 
D)  a hydrogen bond. 
E)  both nonpolar covalent and ionic bonds.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  it has a high capacity for heat. 
B)  it is not a common reactant in metabolic reactions. 
C)  It is not a good solvent. 
D)  it is liquid in a very narrow temperature range. 
E)  it is a nonpolar molecule. 
A)  it has a high capacity for heat. 
B)  it is not a common reactant in metabolic reactions. 
C)  It is not a good solvent. 
D)  it is liquid in a very narrow temperature range. 
E)  it is a nonpolar molecule.

Question 18

Unstable isotopes can be useful

Accepted Answer

A)  catalysts. 
B)  in medical diagnosis. 
C)  in vitamins. 
D)  in the formation of hydrogen bonds. 
E)  as buffers. 
A)  catalysts. 
B)  in medical diagnosis. 
C)  in vitamins. 
D)  in the formation of hydrogen bonds. 
E)  as buffers.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen 
B)  glucose 
C)  fructose 
D)  deoxyribose 
E)  sucrose 
A)  glycogen 
B)  glucose 
C)  fructose 
D)  deoxyribose 
E)  sucrose

Question 20

An acid dissociates in water to release

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen ion(s). 
B)  cation(s). 
C)  hydroxyl group(s). 
D)  anion(s). 
E)  both anions and hydrogen ions. 
A)  hydrogen ion(s). 
B)  cation(s). 
C)  hydroxyl group(s). 
D)  anion(s). 
E)  both anions and hydrogen ions.

Exam 2: The Chemistry of Microbiology

Organisms use carbohydrates in all of the following ways EXCEPT

The electron shells of atoms hold eight electrons each.

The chemical formula of the oxygen we require is O₂. It is

The monomer of a nucleic acid is called a (nucleoside/nucleotide/base).

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

Which of the following would NOT normally be found as a component of a cell's nucleic acids?

The folding of a polypeptide into a three-dimensional shape is its (secondary/tertiary/quaternary) structure.

An atom or molecule becomes a(n) (anion/ion/cation) when it loses an electron to a more electronegative molecule.

Consider the structure of thymine, shown on the left in Figure 2.3 above, and compare to the structure of pyrimidine X on the right. What would be the impact if X is incorporated into the structure of a DNA strand in place of thymine?

DNA is composed of repeating units of sugars, phosphates, and nucleic acids. This is an example of a

Proteins contain both acidic and basic R groups and can, therefore, function as

Nucleic acids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates are all produced by

Describe the chemical properties of phospholipids that account for their behavior in water.

Which of the following is found in nucleic acids?

Which of the following is an atomic particle that has no electrical charge?

The type(s) of bond(s) produced when atoms with somewhat different electronegativities share electrons is/are

Which of the following is a property of water?

Unstable isotopes can be useful

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

An acid dissociates in water to release

A Brief History of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes

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