Question 1

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic vesicles 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  sarcolemma 
D)  presynaptic terminal 
E)  postsynaptic membrane 
A)  synaptic vesicles 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  sarcolemma 
D)  presynaptic terminal 
E)  postsynaptic membrane

Question 2

Skeletal muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

A)  possess striations. 
B)  can contract but are not extensible or excitable. 
C)  do not require nerve innervation to contract. 
D)  increase dramatically in number after birth. 
E)  are found in the walls of the stomach. 
A)  possess striations. 
B)  can contract but are not extensible or excitable. 
C)  do not require nerve innervation to contract. 
D)  increase dramatically in number after birth. 
E)  are found in the walls of the stomach.

Question 3

A proper definition of muscle tone is

Accepted Answer

A)  constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
B)  a feeling of well-being following exercise. 
C)  the ability of a muscle to maintain a contraction against an outside force. 
D)  muscles contracting together. 
E)  warm-up of muscle tissue. 
A)  constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
B)  a feeling of well-being following exercise. 
C)  the ability of a muscle to maintain a contraction against an outside force. 
D)  muscles contracting together. 
E)  warm-up of muscle tissue.

Question 4

Channels that open or close in response to changes in the electrical charge or voltage across the plasma membrane are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ligand-gated ion channels. 
B)  leak ion channels. 
C)  relegated ion channels. 
D)  voltage-gated ion channels. 
E)  obligated ion channels. 
A)  ligand-gated ion channels. 
B)  leak ion channels. 
C)  relegated ion channels. 
D)  voltage-gated ion channels. 
E)  obligated ion channels.

Question 5

Arrange these structures as they participate in excitation-contraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  T tubules, sarcolemma, calcium ions, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  calcium ions, T tubules, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions 
D)  sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, T tubules, sarcolemma 
E)  sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, T tubules 
A)  T tubules, sarcolemma, calcium ions, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  calcium ions, T tubules, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions 
D)  sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, T tubules, sarcolemma 
E)  sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, T tubules

Question 6

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an all-or-none response. 
B)  a graded response. 
C)  a latent period response. 
D)  a relative refractory response. 
E)  an arbitrary response. 
A)  an all-or-none response. 
B)  a graded response. 
C)  a latent period response. 
D)  a relative refractory response. 
E)  an arbitrary response.

Question 7

What is an oxygen deficit?

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism 
A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism

Question 8

Muscular dystrophy is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic muscle pain. 
B)  decreased size of muscle fibers. 
C)  spastic contractions of muscles. 
D)  replacement of muscle cells by connective tissue. 
E)  hypertrophy of muscle tissue. 
A)  chronic muscle pain. 
B)  decreased size of muscle fibers. 
C)  spastic contractions of muscles. 
D)  replacement of muscle cells by connective tissue. 
E)  hypertrophy of muscle tissue.

Question 9

A fasciculus

Accepted Answer

A)  is a bundle of reticular fibers. 
B)  is surrounded by perimysium. 
C)  is only found in smooth muscle. 
D)  possesses an external lamina. 
E)  is a bundle of collagen fibers. 
A)  is a bundle of reticular fibers. 
B)  is surrounded by perimysium. 
C)  is only found in smooth muscle. 
D)  possesses an external lamina. 
E)  is a bundle of collagen fibers.

Question 10

In order for the excitation-contraction coupling to occur, the production of an action potential must occur within the ______ of a muscle fiber.

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction 
B)  sarcolemma 
C)  junction 
A)  contraction 
B)  sarcolemma 
C)  junction

Question 11

The model that describes the contraction of the muscle is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction cycle. 
B)  power stroke. 
C)  sliding filament model. 
D)  slipping fibril mechanism. 
E)  paddle model. 
A)  contraction cycle. 
B)  power stroke. 
C)  sliding filament model. 
D)  slipping fibril mechanism. 
E)  paddle model.

Question 12

Endomysium is a delicate network of loose connective tissue that

Accepted Answer

A)  surrounds each muscle fiber. 
B)  forms a sheath around a fasciculus. 
C)  is composed of elastic fibers. 
D)  separates individual muscles. 
E)  penetrates muscle fibers. 
A)  surrounds each muscle fiber. 
B)  forms a sheath around a fasciculus. 
C)  is composed of elastic fibers. 
D)  separates individual muscles. 
E)  penetrates muscle fibers.

Question 13

A toxin released by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum causes the food-borne illness known as botulism, which inhibits the release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction. What effect does this have on the person?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes flaccid paralysis, and if it affects the respiratory muscles, can result in death. 
B)  It disrupts the balance between ACh and acetylcholinesterase, leading to spastic contractions. 
C)  The brain compensates by producing more ACh, limiting the illness to only a few hours. 
D)  The jaws are most affected, and it results in "lockjaw." 
E)  Problems only result when the individual has low immunity. 
A)  It causes flaccid paralysis, and if it affects the respiratory muscles, can result in death. 
B)  It disrupts the balance between ACh and acetylcholinesterase, leading to spastic contractions. 
C)  The brain compensates by producing more ACh, limiting the illness to only a few hours. 
D)  The jaws are most affected, and it results in "lockjaw." 
E)  Problems only result when the individual has low immunity.

Question 14

The type of neurotransmitter or hormone that binds to receptors on smooth muscle plasma membranes determines the response of the muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  the functioning of the sodium-chloride pump 
B)  negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane 
C)  the attraction of chloride ions to other intracellular anions 
D)  the repulsion of potassium ions by the intracellular anions 
E)  the attraction of sodium ions to chloride ions 
A)  the functioning of the sodium-chloride pump 
B)  negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane 
C)  the attraction of chloride ions to other intracellular anions 
D)  the repulsion of potassium ions by the intracellular anions 
E)  the attraction of sodium ions to chloride ions

Question 16

In smooth muscle, cross-bridging occurs due to

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium binding to troponin. 
B)  calcium binding to calmodulin. 
C)  myosin kinase adding a phosphate to myosin heads. 
D)  both calcium binding to troponin and calmodulin. 
E)  both calcium binding to calmodulin and myosin kinase adding a phosphate to myosin heads. 
A)  calcium binding to troponin. 
B)  calcium binding to calmodulin. 
C)  myosin kinase adding a phosphate to myosin heads. 
D)  both calcium binding to troponin and calmodulin. 
E)  both calcium binding to calmodulin and myosin kinase adding a phosphate to myosin heads.

Question 17

Select the term that does not belong with the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle atrophy 
B)  immobilization 
C)  decrease in number of myofibrils 
D)  loss of nerve stimulation 
E)  increased vascularity 
A)  muscle atrophy 
B)  immobilization 
C)  decrease in number of myofibrils 
D)  loss of nerve stimulation 
E)  increased vascularity

Question 18

What is tropomyosin?

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism 
A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism

Question 19

Epimysium

Accepted Answer

A)  surrounds individual muscles. 
B)  separates muscle fibers. 
C)  connects muscles to bone. 
D)  is a type of muscle tissue. 
E)  is a type of nerve tissue. 
A)  surrounds individual muscles. 
B)  separates muscle fibers. 
C)  connects muscles to bone. 
D)  is a type of muscle tissue. 
E)  is a type of nerve tissue.

Question 20

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  synaptic vesicles 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  sarcolemma 
D)  presynaptic terminal 
E)  postsynaptic membrane 
A)  synaptic vesicles 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  sarcolemma 
D)  presynaptic terminal 
E)  postsynaptic membrane

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "E" represent?

Skeletal muscle fibers

A proper definition of muscle tone is

Channels that open or close in response to changes in the electrical charge or voltage across the plasma membrane are called

Arrange these structures as they participate in excitation-contraction.

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called

What is an oxygen deficit?

Muscular dystrophy is characterized by

A fasciculus

In order for the excitation-contraction coupling to occur, the production of an action potential must occur within the ______ of a muscle fiber.

The model that describes the contraction of the muscle is called the

Endomysium is a delicate network of loose connective tissue that

A toxin released by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum causes the food-borne illness known as botulism, which inhibits the release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction. What effect does this have on the person?

The type of neurotransmitter or hormone that binds to receptors on smooth muscle plasma membranes determines the response of the muscle.

Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane?

In smooth muscle, cross-bridging occurs due to

Select the term that does not belong with the others.

What is tropomyosin?

Epimysium

-The figure illustrates a detailed drawing of the neuromuscular junction. What does "A" represent?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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