Question 1

Too much acetylcholinesterase causes

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber. 
B)  rapid degradation of acetycholine. 
C)  voltage-gated calcium ion channels opening in the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  an increase in sodium uptake by the muscle fiber. 
E)  exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. 
A)  continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber. 
B)  rapid degradation of acetycholine. 
C)  voltage-gated calcium ion channels opening in the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  an increase in sodium uptake by the muscle fiber. 
E)  exocytosis of synaptic vesicles.

Question 2

If sodium ions cannot enter a muscle fiber in response to a stimulus,

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction cannot occur. 
B)  relaxation cannot occur. 
C)  sodium ions will be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum instead. 
D)  the active sites are left exposed. 
E)  the action potential travels into the muscle anyway. 
A)  contraction cannot occur. 
B)  relaxation cannot occur. 
C)  sodium ions will be released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum instead. 
D)  the active sites are left exposed. 
E)  the action potential travels into the muscle anyway.

Question 3

In order for muscle relaxation to occur,

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium ions must be transported to troponin. 
B)  power strokes slow down. 
C)  the active sites on actin must be blocked. 
D)  sodium ions must be actively transported to troponin. 
E)  the active sites on myosin must be uncovered. 
A)  calcium ions must be transported to troponin. 
B)  power strokes slow down. 
C)  the active sites on actin must be blocked. 
D)  sodium ions must be actively transported to troponin. 
E)  the active sites on myosin must be uncovered.

Question 4

An eccentric contraction is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing. 
A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing.

Question 5

Inflammation of the fibrous connective tissue resulting in stiffness and soreness is

Accepted Answer

A)  cramps. 
B)  fibrositis. 
C)  fibrosis. 
D)  muscular dystrophy. 
E)  paralysis. 
A)  cramps. 
B)  fibrositis. 
C)  fibrosis. 
D)  muscular dystrophy. 
E)  paralysis.

Question 6

Multiunit smooth muscle is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrocnemius. 
B)  wall of the GI tract. 
C)  wall of blood vessels. 
D)  wall of the heart. 
E)  reproductive system. 
A)  gastrocnemius. 
B)  wall of the GI tract. 
C)  wall of blood vessels. 
D)  wall of the heart. 
E)  reproductive system.

Question 7

What is the role of myosin phosphatase?

Accepted Answer

A)  can rapidly develop action potentials 
B)  shallow invaginations of cell membrane 
C)  relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time 
D)  intracellular cytoskeleton 
E)  enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin 
A)  can rapidly develop action potentials 
B)  shallow invaginations of cell membrane 
C)  relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time 
D)  intracellular cytoskeleton 
E)  enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin

Question 8

T tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  provide nutrients to the muscle fiber. 
B)  generate new muscle fibers. 
C)  conduct action potentials deep into the muscle cell. 
D)  release acetylcholine. 
E)  store calcium ions. 
A)  provide nutrients to the muscle fiber. 
B)  generate new muscle fibers. 
C)  conduct action potentials deep into the muscle cell. 
D)  release acetylcholine. 
E)  store calcium ions.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an age related change in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of muscle strength 
B)  loss of synapse surface area 
C)  loss of fast-twitch fibers 
D)  decreased recovery time 
E)  decrease in motor units 
A)  loss of muscle strength 
B)  loss of synapse surface area 
C)  loss of fast-twitch fibers 
D)  decreased recovery time 
E)  decrease in motor units

Question 10

During the contraction phase of a muscle twitch,

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine stimulates the pre-synaptic terminal. 
B)  sodium ions diffuse into the muscle fiber. 
C)  actin-myosin cross-bridges form. 
D)  calcium ions are transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  the action potential travels down the T tubule. 
A)  acetylcholine stimulates the pre-synaptic terminal. 
B)  sodium ions diffuse into the muscle fiber. 
C)  actin-myosin cross-bridges form. 
D)  calcium ions are transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  the action potential travels down the T tubule.

Question 11

Tetanus of muscles is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing. 
A)  action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B)  a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C)  a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D)  a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E)  a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing.

Question 12

A condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations between contractions is called

Accepted Answer

A)  complete tetanus. 
B)  incomplete tetanus. 
C)  involuntary paralysis. 
D)  all or none tetanus. 
E)  treppe. 
A)  complete tetanus. 
B)  incomplete tetanus. 
C)  involuntary paralysis. 
D)  all or none tetanus. 
E)  treppe.

Question 13

Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles from weight lifting is caused by an increase in the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of muscle fibers. 
B)  size of muscle fibers. 
C)  number of striations. 
D)  number of nuclei within the muscle fibers. 
E)  number of muscle cells. 
A)  number of muscle fibers. 
B)  size of muscle fibers. 
C)  number of striations. 
D)  number of nuclei within the muscle fibers. 
E)  number of muscle cells.

Question 14

What is a triad?

Accepted Answer

A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism 
A)  a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B)  a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C)  the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D)  the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E)  after exercise, the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism

Question 15

When skeletal muscle is producing carbon dioxide and water while making ATP, which chemical processes could be active at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 16

Muscle hypertrophy results from increased numbers of

Accepted Answer

A)  myofibrils and sarcomeres. 
B)  muscle fibers. 
C)  motor units. 
D)  muscles. 
E)  muscle cells. 
A)  myofibrils and sarcomeres. 
B)  muscle fibers. 
C)  motor units. 
D)  muscles. 
E)  muscle cells.

Question 17

A waste product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid. 
B)  hydrochloric acid. 
C)  lactic acid. 
D)  carbonic acid. 
E)  pyruvic acid. 
A)  uric acid. 
B)  hydrochloric acid. 
C)  lactic acid. 
D)  carbonic acid. 
E)  pyruvic acid.

Question 18

A lack of glycolytic enzymes within skeletal muscle cells would impair which type of ATP-yielding process?

Accepted Answer

A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration 
A)  anaerobic respiration 
B)  aerobic respiration 
C)  both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Question 19

-What does "B" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold 
B)  depolarization 
C)  depolarization phase of action potential 
D)  repolarization phase of action potential 
A)  threshold 
B)  depolarization 
C)  depolarization phase of action potential 
D)  repolarization phase of action potential

Question 20

Functionally, smooth muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  is well adapted to anaerobic metabolism. 
B)  exhibits autorhythmic contractions. 
C)  contracts in response to slow increases in length. 
D)  is unable to maintain tone. 
E)  rapidly develops an oxygen debt. 
A)  is well adapted to anaerobic metabolism. 
B)  exhibits autorhythmic contractions. 
C)  contracts in response to slow increases in length. 
D)  is unable to maintain tone. 
E)  rapidly develops an oxygen debt.

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Too much acetylcholinesterase causes

If sodium ions cannot enter a muscle fiber in response to a stimulus,

In order for muscle relaxation to occur,

An eccentric contraction is described as

Inflammation of the fibrous connective tissue resulting in stiffness and soreness is

Multiunit smooth muscle is located in the

What is the role of myosin phosphatase?

T tubules

Which of the following is NOT an age related change in skeletal muscle?

During the contraction phase of a muscle twitch,

Tetanus of muscles is described as

A condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations between contractions is called

Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles from weight lifting is caused by an increase in the

What is a triad?

When skeletal muscle is producing carbon dioxide and water while making ATP, which chemical processes could be active at this time?

Muscle hypertrophy results from increased numbers of

A waste product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells is

A lack of glycolytic enzymes within skeletal muscle cells would impair which type of ATP-yielding process?

-What does "B" represent on the diagram?

Functionally, smooth muscle

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters